中國農(nóng)機(jī)化這條路如何走得更穩(wěn)更快更好？

2016-11-22 17:34:48 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：16282 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 行業(yè)要聞】從2004年到2014年，我國農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)走過了快速發(fā)展的“黃金”十年，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化率隨之不斷提高。但是近兩年來，隨著跨國農(nóng)機(jī)巨頭的步步緊逼，本土農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)顯后勁不足，農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)漸漸走到了轉(zhuǎn)型升級的風(fēng)口。如何加大國產(chǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)的研發(fā)投入與創(chuàng)新力度，提升產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量，已成為國內(nèi)農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)必須要面臨和思考的問題。
　　
　　中國農(nóng)機(jī)化這條路如何走得更穩(wěn)更快更好？
　　
　　我國農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展短板：技術(shù)創(chuàng)新
　　
　　目前，我國已是*的農(nóng)機(jī)制造和使用大國，卻不是農(nóng)機(jī)制造強(qiáng)國，從主要裝備市場占有率來看，主要農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品國產(chǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)占優(yōu)勢，但產(chǎn)品市場占有率依然較低。在剛剛過去的2016中國農(nóng)機(jī)展上，雖然以中國一拖、雷沃重工等為代表的中國本土農(nóng)機(jī)制造企業(yè)勢頭強(qiáng)勁，但約翰迪爾、凱斯等跨國巨頭的產(chǎn)品仍著*水平，國產(chǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新方面依舊是短板。
　　
　　有資料顯示，我國農(nóng)機(jī)制造技術(shù)及裝備水平與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，企業(yè)的設(shè)備新度系數(shù)很低,差距甚大。有的企業(yè)線生產(chǎn)設(shè)備甚至是發(fā)達(dá)國家20世紀(jì)五六十年代的產(chǎn)品，甚至一些骨干老企業(yè)設(shè)備新度系數(shù)僅為0.3-0.4，遠(yuǎn)低于其他機(jī)械行業(yè)0.6-0.7的普遍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
　　
　　筆者曾在知乎上看到一句話來形容這種差距：“如果用網(wǎng)游打比方，其他行業(yè)和國外比，都是內(nèi)測階段就開始玩的大號，咱農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)和國外比，別說內(nèi)測了，公測都沒趕上。別人都滿級了咱才建的小號。”暫且不論這句話貼切與否，但是縮短差距，增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力卻是我國農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)目前發(fā)展所要邁出關(guān)鍵的一大步。
　　
　　優(yōu)選擇：引進(jìn)國外技術(shù)消化再吸收
　　
　　與先進(jìn)國家相比，農(nóng)機(jī)的自主研發(fā)和創(chuàng)新對于我國農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)來說只能算是處于起步階段。因此，在面對國外歷經(jīng)數(shù)十年甚至近百年的農(nóng)機(jī)研發(fā)探索而終研制出來的機(jī)器時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)沒有必要再重新去嘗試一遍，優(yōu)的選擇就是“引進(jìn)消化再吸收”，然后因地制宜，后“據(jù)為己有”。
　　
　　引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、管理方法然后在此基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)新，可以為企業(yè)節(jié)省大量的研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)，彌補(bǔ)本企業(yè)在技術(shù)及人才方面的不足，節(jié)省自行探索時(shí)間，降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，反而更快、更有效地生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的新產(chǎn)品。此外，我國地大物博，地形多樣，農(nóng)情復(fù)雜，一種農(nóng)業(yè)模式難以覆蓋全國，因此單一地引進(jìn)外國機(jī)器有時(shí)并不能解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，還需要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，加以技術(shù)上的改變，才能真正落地中國市場。
　　
　　“引進(jìn)消化再吸收”可以說是一種“捷徑”，但是要走好，還需要牢固的基礎(chǔ)做依靠，否則不過是嘩眾取寵罷了。
　　
　　反哺作用：鞏固做強(qiáng)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)
　　
　　對于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械，一直以來筆者都覺得有句話說的非常貼切：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械是工業(yè)反哺農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)物，農(nóng)機(jī)本身的工業(yè)屬性較強(qiáng)，但推廣又有農(nóng)業(yè)的屬性。因此，要想做強(qiáng)做好農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械，工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)是其中至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的好壞，很多時(shí)候取決于一顆螺絲釘。一臺農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品是由成百上千個(gè)零部件組成，只有把每一個(gè)零部件做好了，才能提高整機(jī)質(zhì)量。換句話說，工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)不行，設(shè)計(jì)再好，出來的產(chǎn)品照樣遜人*。
　　
　　目前，我國生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械零部件仍存在諸多問題，質(zhì)量好的價(jià)格高，價(jià)格適中的零件可靠性和加工質(zhì)量太差，這樣往往使農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品無法優(yōu)呈現(xiàn)。所以鞏固工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)迫在眉睫。不久前，《中國制造2025》提出，到2020年，要掌握核心零部件制造和可靠性關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，通過提高零部件的水平來提升整個(gè)農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)的水平。這對發(fā)展中的農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)來說或許將會(huì)是一劑“強(qiáng)心針”。
　　
　　當(dāng)前，我國正處于農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的重要時(shí)期，對農(nóng)機(jī)裝備的需求逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向化、智能化和化，因此注重創(chuàng)新研發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)型升級是我國農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)未來必須要走的路，打好根基，做強(qiáng)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)，會(huì)讓我國農(nóng)機(jī)化這條路走得更穩(wěn)更快更好。

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