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農機普及率提高 跨區(qū)作業(yè)還能“紅”多久？

2016-12-09 09:10:37 來源：中國農機網 閱讀量：50301 評論

導讀：每年“三夏”、“三秋”都有這樣的一支支隊伍，他們浩浩蕩蕩而來，帶著自己的“鐵家伙”日夜奔波在全國各地的農田之間，確保糧食顆粒歸倉，為農機社會化服務開辟了一條社會主義市場經濟條件下具有中國特色的新途徑。他們的名字叫跨區(qū)機收隊。

　　【中國農機網 本站原創(chuàng)】每年“三夏”、“三秋”都有這樣的一支支隊伍，他們浩浩蕩蕩而來，帶著自己的“鐵家伙”日夜奔波在全國各地的農田之間，確保糧食顆粒歸倉，為農機社會化服務開辟了一條社會主義市場經濟條件下具有中國特色的新途徑。他們的名字叫跨區(qū)機收隊。
　　
　
　　
　　農機跨區(qū)作業(yè)始于1996年，到現在已有二十年的時間了。它經歷了由小到大、由夏到秋、由省內到省外、由試點到全面推廣的過程，已成為深受農民和農機手歡迎的農機社會化、市場化服務模式。但隨著近幾年國家補貼政策的支持，農機普及率不斷提高，跨區(qū)作業(yè)似乎也要面臨“過氣”了。
　　
　　當前跨區(qū)作業(yè)面臨的三大難題
　　
　　說到跨區(qū)作業(yè)難題，筆者首先想到的便是天氣，因為這個因素帶有突發(fā)性，且對作物成熟的影響長期存在。今年不論是“三夏”還是“三秋”，我國多地都遭遇持續(xù)性降雨，影響了農作物生長周期，從而導致跨區(qū)作業(yè)訂單減少，收獲難度增加。
　　
　　其次，農機數量增加，跨區(qū)作業(yè)的市場也趨于飽和。就像上述提到過的，近年來，國家為促進農業(yè)機械化發(fā)展，堅持投入農機購置補貼，使稻麥聯合收割機、大中型拖拉機等各類農機具呈現爆發(fā)式增長。這樣就產生了兩個結果：一是農民不再需要跨區(qū)機收隊來服務；二是更多農機手進入跨區(qū)作業(yè)行列，增加了業(yè)務競爭。
　　
　　后，跨區(qū)作業(yè)服務單一化難以滿足農民日益多樣化的需求。我國傳統跨區(qū)作業(yè)主打業(yè)務就是小麥水稻的收割，然而農民還盼望著機械化的播種、施肥、烘干糧食，因業(yè)務不對等，錯失了諸多發(fā)展機會。
　　
　　跨區(qū)作業(yè)真的“過氣”了？
　　
　　江蘇沛縣湖西農機專業(yè)合作社理事長封心正在談到今年“三夏”跨區(qū)作業(yè)時說道：“今年我們作業(yè)，一方面訂單減少、收割機作業(yè)效率不高，另一方面小麥機收價格大幅度下降，成都地區(qū)從去年的60元/畝降到40元/畝。”這讓他為社里的農機手感到心疼。難道說跨區(qū)機收行業(yè)不景氣了？實則不然。
　　
　　從宏觀角度來看，，我國土地流轉還將繼續(xù)發(fā)力，適度規(guī)模化經營是農業(yè)未來發(fā)展趨勢，對于農機的需求只增不減；第二，農機分布不均現狀尚未發(fā)生根本性改變，跨區(qū)作業(yè)仍是調配農機資源的主要方式。
　　
　　從微觀角度來看，農機手入行門檻逐漸提高，競爭激烈的同時面臨著淘汰率的不斷加大?？鐓^(qū)機收行業(yè)迎來轉型再出發(fā)的關鍵時機，那些擁有先進農機的機手組織或者機手合作社將會越做越大，“過氣”的只是本就該被淘汰的傳統作業(yè)模式。
　　
　　拓寬作業(yè)領域 尋找新的增收點
　　
　　面對行業(yè)洗牌，農機手和跨區(qū)作業(yè)組織不能坐以待斃，需要尋找新的突破口。從單項作業(yè)向“耕、種、收、植保、運”一條龍服務發(fā)展，是近年來跨區(qū)作業(yè)的一個新趨勢，一些有市場頭腦的機手緊緊抓住這一趨勢，并取得了較好的收益。
　　
　　農業(yè)生產不僅僅只有收割這一環(huán)節(jié)，機耕、機播也應列入到跨區(qū)作業(yè)的計劃中來，這是新的增長點。如：金湖縣前鋒鎮(zhèn)友幫農機合作社將作業(yè)業(yè)務轉移到機插秧上面來，打通來自四面八方的機收市場通道，將跨區(qū)作業(yè)向多季節(jié)、多作物、多環(huán)節(jié)擴展，這樣每年跨區(qū)作業(yè)收入不但不會減少，反而會逐漸增加。
　　
　　此外，還需農機手提高自身知識素養(yǎng)和專業(yè)技能，適應現代農業(yè)發(fā)展，才能在競爭中取得優(yōu)勢。
　　
　　“三夏”、“三秋”的跨區(qū)機收一直以來都是我國農業(yè)生產中的獨特風景，相信轉型升級后的他們還將繼續(xù)“紅”下去。

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