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從高標準農(nóng)田建設看農(nóng)機和耕地的相輔相成

2017-10-28 09:57:56 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量:33349 評論

導讀:2017-2020年期間,還需建設高標準農(nóng)田3.2億-5.2億畝。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】耕地是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要物質基礎,高標準農(nóng)田是耕地中的精華。2013年,國家發(fā)展改革委等7部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)的《全國高標準農(nóng)田建設總體規(guī)劃》提出,到2020年確保建成集中連片、旱澇保收的高標準農(nóng)田8億畝。2017年初,又印發(fā)《關于扎實推進高標準農(nóng)田建設的意見》,《意見》指出,按照集中連片、旱澇保收、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)高產(chǎn)、生態(tài)友好的要求,加大投入力度,加快建設步伐,完成到2020年確保建成8億畝、力爭建成10億畝高標準農(nóng)田的任務。因而,2017-2020年期間,還需建設高標準農(nóng)田3.2億-5.2億畝。

  農(nóng)機化進程助推高標準農(nóng)田建設
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)機械化推廣應用步伐加快。進入本世紀以來,我國農(nóng)機裝備水平、作業(yè)水平、科技水平、服務水平和安全水平穩(wěn)步提高。截至 2010 年,農(nóng)機總動力達到 9.28億千瓦;耕種收綜合機械化水平達到 52.3%,其中:小麥基本實現(xiàn)全程機械化,水稻機械種植水平從2002年的 6.1%提高到 2010年的 20.9%,水稻機收水平從 20.6%提高到 64.5%,玉米機收水平從 1.7%提高到 25.8%;全國保護性耕作實施面積突破47600萬畝;2010年我國農(nóng)機深松整地作業(yè)面積達到1.4億畝,耕地地力水平進一步提升。
 
  農(nóng)田配套設施不完備。田間道路不配套,機耕道窄、農(nóng)機“下地難”問題突出。部分現(xiàn)有機耕道建設設計不規(guī)范、標準不高、損毀嚴重,難以滿足大型化、專業(yè)化現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機作業(yè)的需要。而農(nóng)用工程機械在完備農(nóng)田配套設施和高標準農(nóng)田建設過程中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。
 
  在農(nóng)用機械快速發(fā)展普及的基礎上,單位在建設施工時,可根據(jù)挖填土方、開挖溝渠、平整土地等工程建設需求,合理配備選用挖掘機、裝載機推土機、鏟運機、平地機、鏟拋機、松土機等農(nóng)用工程機械以及鏵式開溝犁、旋轉開溝機等耕整地機械,采用合理的土地平整工藝和先進實用技術,加強工程建設與農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝技術的集成和應用,機械作業(yè)與人蓄力相比,能、、持久、適時性作業(yè),做到省工的完善農(nóng)田配套設施以及高標準農(nóng)田的建設。
 
  高標準農(nóng)田加快農(nóng)機化發(fā)展
 
  高標準農(nóng)田是發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),提升農(nóng)業(yè)科技應用水平的基本前提。從高標準農(nóng)田建設內(nèi)容來看,投資集中在新建農(nóng)田、灌溉改造和水利建設三方面,可有效拉動機械設備制造、建筑建材和運輸?shù)刃袠I(yè)發(fā)展,農(nóng)田灌溉、農(nóng)業(yè)機械、管泵設備等需求增加。
 
  2015年,財政部印發(fā)《農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)推進農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的指導意見》,要求以連片治理土地為基礎,發(fā)展多種形式的適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營,引導農(nóng)業(yè)集約化、專業(yè)化、組織化、社會化發(fā)展,不斷提高土地產(chǎn)出率和資源利用率。通過建設高標準農(nóng)田,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)田“地平整、土肥沃、旱能灌、澇能排、路相通、林成網(wǎng)”,既能顯著增強農(nóng)田防災減災、抗御風險的能力,也可方便農(nóng)機作業(yè),充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機搶農(nóng)時、省勞力、增效益的作用,大幅度提高生產(chǎn)效率。
 
  農(nóng)機化的快速發(fā)展是高標準農(nóng)田建設的有效推動力,而高標準農(nóng)田的建設也為農(nóng)機化的快速普及提供更廣闊的發(fā)展空間。因此,在加快高標準農(nóng)田建設和農(nóng)機化全面普及的過程中二者相輔相成。
 
  中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,轉載請注明出處。
 
  資料來源:《全國高標準農(nóng)田建設總體規(guī)劃》
 
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