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再談秸稈綜合化利用

2018-06-26 14:42:45 來(lái)源:中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:31343 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:在繁忙的夏收秋收過(guò)后,田地里總是會(huì)留下很多秸稈,如何處理使得農(nóng)民們焦頭爛額。伴隨著我們國(guó)家地大物博帶來(lái)的自豪感帶,種類多、分布廣的秸稈處理成為了普遍化難題。

  【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】在繁忙的夏收秋收過(guò)后,田地里總是會(huì)留下很多秸稈,如何處理使得農(nóng)民們焦頭爛額。伴隨著我們國(guó)家地大物博帶來(lái)的自豪感帶,種類多、分布廣的秸稈處理成為了普遍化難題。
 
  秸稈之所以過(guò)剩既是因?yàn)榻斩挼漠a(chǎn)量大,也是因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)業(yè)化程度低等原因造成的秸稈綜合利用率低。面對(duì)農(nóng)田里隨處可見(jiàn)的秸稈,很多人都是直接焚燒了之,但是焚燒秸稈不僅會(huì)嚴(yán)重危害人體健康、污染空氣,還會(huì)降低土壤肥力,導(dǎo)致土地貧瘠,甚至危害公共安全。因此,加強(qiáng)秸稈的綜合化利用勢(shì)在必行。
 
  秸稈綜合化利用勢(shì)在必行
 
  我們對(duì)于作物秸稈的利用有悠久的歷史,由于從前農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水平低、產(chǎn)量低,秸稈數(shù)量少,秸稈除少量用于墊圈、喂養(yǎng)牲畜,部分用于堆漚肥外,大部分都作燃料燒掉了。事實(shí)上,秸稈的重要性同樣不可忽視。農(nóng)作物光合作用的產(chǎn)物有一半以上存在于秸稈中,秸稈作為一種具有多用途的可再生的生物資源,富含氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂和有機(jī)質(zhì)等;同時(shí),秸稈也是一種飼料,粗纖維含量高(30%-40%)并含有木質(zhì)素,能被反芻動(dòng)物牛、羊等牲畜吸收和利用。
 
  做好秸稈綜合利用,從“秸稈禁燒”到綜合利用直至實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化,我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)及糧食生產(chǎn)作業(yè)也能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)更的發(fā)展。為此,一系列相關(guān)政策不斷出臺(tái)并被落實(shí)。早在2011年的《“十二五”農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用實(shí)施方案》中就已經(jīng)提到過(guò)秸稈綜合化利用重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域?yàn)榉柿匣?、飼料化、基料化、原料化以及燃料化利用?br /> 
  秸稈肥料化利用,繼續(xù)推廣普及保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù),通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民使用秸稈粉碎還田機(jī)械等方式,有效提高秸稈肥料利用率;秸稈飼料化利用,在秸稈資源豐富的牛羊養(yǎng)殖優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū),鼓勵(lì)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(戶)或秸稈飼料加工企業(yè)制作青貯、氨化、微貯或顆粒等秸稈飼料;秸稈基料化利用,做好秸稈栽培食用菌,繼續(xù)重點(diǎn)推廣企業(yè)加農(nóng)戶的經(jīng)營(yíng)模式,建設(shè)一批秸稈栽培食用菌生產(chǎn)基地;秸稈原料化利用,積極發(fā)展秸稈生產(chǎn)板材和制作工藝品,試點(diǎn)建設(shè)秸稈生產(chǎn)木糖醇、秸稈生產(chǎn)活性炭等工程;秸稈燃料化利用,,大力發(fā)展秸稈沼氣、秸稈固化成型燃料,提高可再生能源在能源結(jié)構(gòu)中的比例。
 
  今年新出臺(tái)的的秸稈綜合化利用項(xiàng)目則主要包括了這些內(nèi)容:通過(guò)政策鼓勵(lì)扶持,引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民自主自覺(jué)開展秸稈綜合利用,不焚燒秸稈;開展秸稈綜合利用,主要包括秸稈還田、支持秸稈生產(chǎn)有機(jī)肥、扶持發(fā)展秸稈飼料加工業(yè)、支持發(fā)展秸稈基料化產(chǎn)業(yè)、支持秸稈能源化利用;以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村、企業(yè)或經(jīng)紀(jì)人為主體,建設(shè)秸稈收儲(chǔ)站點(diǎn)等。
 
  相關(guān)秸稈利用方面的補(bǔ)貼
 
  1、秸稈農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼
 
  農(nóng)民或者農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體(企業(yè)、合作社等)購(gòu)買秸稈相關(guān)農(nóng)機(jī)和設(shè)備,在國(guó)家農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼的基礎(chǔ)上,市級(jí)或者縣級(jí)政府再額外補(bǔ)貼30-50%。
 
  2、秸稈三貯一化利用補(bǔ)助
 
  農(nóng)民或者農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體(企業(yè)、合作社等)將秸稈進(jìn)行青貯、半干青貯、微貯、氨化,可以享受補(bǔ)貼。
 
  3、秸稈綜合利用能源化補(bǔ)助
 
  從事生物質(zhì)燃油、乙醇、秸稈固體燃料等秸稈能源化生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)等,可以申報(bào)此類補(bǔ)助。
 
  4、秸稈粉碎還田補(bǔ)助
 
  推廣機(jī)械深耕精細(xì)化還田、秸稈快速腐熟、生物反應(yīng)堆等技術(shù),支持開展玉米秸稈機(jī)械化粉碎、深耕和耙壓等機(jī)械化還田作業(yè)。
 
  5、收儲(chǔ)中心建設(shè)補(bǔ)助
 
  以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村、企業(yè)或經(jīng)紀(jì)人為主體,建設(shè)秸稈收儲(chǔ)站點(diǎn)等。
 
  6、其他
 
  秸稈多糖、秸稈淀粉、造紙、板材等,也都可以申報(bào)項(xiàng)目,獲得補(bǔ)貼資金。
 
  此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,部分資料來(lái)源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、百度百科、農(nóng)糧苑,如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
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