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水稻全程機械化初見成效,薄弱環(huán)節(jié)仍需提高

2018-07-19 10:42:22 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:27374 評論

導(dǎo)讀:相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2017年我國水稻種植面積達4.5億畝,已成為我國種植面積大、總產(chǎn)量高的糧食作物。在國家全力推進主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化,充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機購置補貼政策的支持引導(dǎo)下,2017年我國水稻機插(播)率達到46.5%,同時農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部要求到2020年全國水稻耕種收綜合機械化水平達到78%以上。今年,各地繼續(xù)推進水稻全程機械化,成效顯著。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2017年我國水稻種植面積達4.5億畝,已成為我國種植面積大、總產(chǎn)量高的糧食作物。在國家全力推進主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化,充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機購置補貼政策的支持引導(dǎo)下,2017年我國水稻機插(播)率達到46.5%,同時農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部要求到2020年全國水稻耕種收綜合機械化水平達到78%以上。今年,各地繼續(xù)推進水稻全程機械化,成效顯著。
 
  貴港市港北區(qū):水稻機械化水平達90.33%
 
  廣西貴港市港北區(qū)以提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平為總目標(biāo),以推廣水稻生產(chǎn)全程機械化為重點,大力推進農(nóng)機化改革創(chuàng)新,農(nóng)機化水平穩(wěn)步上升。目前,該區(qū)水稻耕種收綜合機械化水平已達90.33%,水稻生產(chǎn)耕、種、收等環(huán)節(jié)綜合機械化水平在廣西縣(區(qū))排名。
 
  港北區(qū)持續(xù)推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化示范區(qū)建設(shè),提升農(nóng)業(yè)機械化示范基地水平。在慶豐鎮(zhèn)建立水稻生產(chǎn)機械化示范基地,示范帶動、輻射周邊5個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),面積達8萬畝。同時,大力發(fā)展農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社,通過農(nóng)機合作社的帶動,提高農(nóng)民農(nóng)機化意識,減輕勞動強度,促進農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?;?、化、高產(chǎn)化發(fā)展。目前,該區(qū)注冊成立農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社38家,擁有各類農(nóng)機具1300臺套;已建成投產(chǎn)的工廠化育秧中心15家,早稻育秧供大田插秧2.68萬畝;建立稻谷烘干中心15個,建成投產(chǎn)的烘干塔73個,日烘干量為1281噸。該區(qū)正能量合作社、延塘合作社獲得“全國農(nóng)機合作社示范社”榮譽稱號。
 
  湖南株洲:優(yōu)化水稻品種,提高全程機械化水平
 
  近年來,湖南株洲市農(nóng)科所精心選育機插水稻品種,不斷提高水稻全程機械化生產(chǎn)水平。
 
  在醴陵泗汾鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)場居委會輕簡化栽培技術(shù)集成示范基地,金燦燦的稻浪翻滾。種糧大戶陳邦樹說,以前大伙種植水稻存在兩方面的難題:人工插秧,費時費力費錢;機插秧,沒有適宜的機插水稻品種,漏兜率高,返青慢。今年,市農(nóng)科所新推廣適宜機插的水稻品種----中早39,幫大伙解了難題。
 
  機插秧是水稻全程機械化生產(chǎn)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),通過機插水稻品種的成功選育,水稻全程機械化生產(chǎn)水平同比提高5.1個百分點,每畝增產(chǎn)10%,每畝平均節(jié)省用工成本150元左右。農(nóng)業(yè)專家根據(jù)不同的水稻品種,開展水稻全程機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)核心示范,運用水稻生產(chǎn)“集中育秧、控制密度、保證齊穗”三項關(guān)鍵增產(chǎn)技術(shù),推廣水肥一體化、輕簡栽培、測土配方施肥、農(nóng)作物病蟲害專業(yè)化防治等科技示范,使農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝融合發(fā)展。
 
  江蘇高郵:水稻機械化種植水平創(chuàng)歷史新高
 
  江蘇高郵市水稻栽插工作截止目前已基本結(jié)束,比往年提前一周左右。據(jù)了解,全市水稻機械化種植水平在80%以上,其中機插秧面積達77%,創(chuàng)歷史新高。
 
  近幾年來,高郵市強勢推進糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化工作,2016年啟動了省糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范市創(chuàng)建,2017年創(chuàng)成揚州市糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)9家,2018年計劃創(chuàng)成揚州市糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)4家,力爭今年通過省糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范市創(chuàng)建驗收。
 
  圍繞創(chuàng)建目標(biāo),市政府出臺了一系列政策進行扶持,對新增農(nóng)機裝備給予作業(yè)補貼,有效地提升了全市農(nóng)機裝備水平,為實現(xiàn)糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。在扶持政策的激勵下,全市插秧機擁有量比創(chuàng)建前翻了一番,達到1400多臺。其中2017年全市新增 471臺、2018年新增252臺,有力地保障了今年夏栽機插需求。
 
  重慶梁平區(qū):植保無人機推進水稻生產(chǎn)全程機械化
 
  7月10日,在重慶梁平區(qū)聚奎鎮(zhèn),隨著多旋翼無人植保機的起飛,拉開了水稻生產(chǎn)全程機械化無人植保作業(yè)的序幕,無人植保機自動巡航,6個噴頭不停將農(nóng)藥灑到水稻葉面上,引起圍觀群眾的陣陣好評。
 
  為全面落實“2018年水稻生產(chǎn)全程機械化試驗示范”項目,提升水稻生產(chǎn)全程機械化水平,7月10-7月16日期間梁平積極引導(dǎo)試驗示范區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)新型經(jīng)營主體開展無人植保作業(yè)示范,扶持購買6旋翼無人植保機一臺,引導(dǎo)調(diào)度社會化服務(wù)無人植保機5臺,開展水稻病蟲害防治,擬防治面積4萬余畝,著力解決農(nóng)戶打藥不及時、夏天噴藥易中暑和中毒的疾苦。確保水稻生產(chǎn)在植保環(huán)節(jié)機械化水平大幅提升,進而提高水稻生產(chǎn)全程機械化水平。
 
  結(jié)語
 
  目前我國水稻收獲環(huán)節(jié)已全面實現(xiàn)機械化,但從全國范圍來看,水稻種植、植保、秸稈處理和糧食烘干還是推進水稻生產(chǎn)全程機械化道路上的4大薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。農(nóng)業(yè)部門和農(nóng)機制造企業(yè)應(yīng)著眼于水稻機械化發(fā)展的“短板”和滯后區(qū)域,加強農(nóng)機具研發(fā)制造水平,因地制宜推進農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝融合,全面提升水稻機械化的內(nèi)在質(zhì)量。
 
  本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:廣西日報、株洲傳媒網(wǎng)、高郵市農(nóng)機局、梁平區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)服務(wù)中心,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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