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水肥一體化技術：節(jié)本增效，助力智慧農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展

2018-08-07 13:41:52 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：26626 評論

導讀：在灌溉水資源日益缺乏以及化肥過度使用的今天，水肥一體化既節(jié)省了水資源又提高了化肥利用率，是農(nóng)業(yè)部門大力推廣的綜合種植技術。當前，部分地區(qū)水肥一體化技術發(fā)展情況喜人，促進了農(nóng)業(yè)綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 水肥一體化技術是將施肥和灌溉相結合的一項農(nóng)業(yè)新技術,是施肥與灌溉相結合的產(chǎn)物。水肥一體化技術借助壓力澆灌系統(tǒng)施肥機,可將溶性固體肥料或液體肥料和純凈水配兌而成的營養(yǎng)液,均勻、準確地輸送到作物根部土壤,并按照作物生長需求,進行全生育期水分和養(yǎng)分定量、定時按比例供給,從而提高灌溉水的利用率,減少肥料的揮發(fā)和流失。
 
　　在灌溉水資源日益缺乏以及化肥過度使用的今天，水肥一體化既節(jié)省了水資源又提高了化肥利用率，是農(nóng)業(yè)部門大力推廣的綜合種植技術。當前，部分地區(qū)水肥一體化技術發(fā)展情況喜人，促進了農(nóng)業(yè)綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
 
　　新疆昌吉州：水肥一體化助力農(nóng)業(yè)提質增效
 
　　7月14日，新疆昌吉州水肥一體化現(xiàn)場會在呼圖壁縣化肥減量增效暨水肥一體化項目示范田召開。
 
　　昌吉州農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣中心黨支部書記林金全介紹，昌吉州推廣水肥一體化走在自治區(qū)各地州前列，2018年昌吉州水肥一體化技術應用達650萬畝，占全州農(nóng)作物播種面積的78.2%。新疆屬于內(nèi)陸干旱地區(qū)，規(guī)?；N植和膜下滴灌技術處于地位，為水肥一體化和水溶肥發(fā)展提供了巨大空間。
 
　　昌吉回族自治州呼圖壁縣大豐鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)富園農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的230畝棉花使用液態(tài)肥，水肥一體化智能施肥系統(tǒng)將肥料滴到棉花根部，棉花的長勢比去年同期好，增產(chǎn)增收已成定局，同時還省工省力省時。合作社計劃明年將使用水肥一體化智能施肥系統(tǒng)的棉花擴大到1600畝。
 
　　山東陽谷：水肥一體澆灌智慧農(nóng)業(yè)
 
　　近日，在山東聊城陽谷縣安樂鎮(zhèn)東大生態(tài)園西紅柿大棚內(nèi)，正準備為大棚澆水的工人趙華周正在一個人管理5個蔬菜大棚，他說：“高科技讓干農(nóng)活越來越省力了。”趙華周邊介紹邊按下滴灌設施的啟動鍵，兩個大棚開始自動灌溉，水、營養(yǎng)液直接通過噴滴管傳送到菜苗根部。
 
　　基地的生產(chǎn)負責人鄧運成指著遍布整個大棚的黑色滴灌管介紹，之前一個大棚需兩個人才能管過來，如今生態(tài)園基地內(nèi)120個大棚，只需22個管理人員，效率提高了10倍。
 
　　同樣受益于“水肥一體化”應用的還有谷豐源育苗基地，只要輕點鼠標，安裝在大棚內(nèi)的噴頭就會噴出水花，生長在PVC管道里的蔬菜立馬開始享受“淋浴”服務。同時得益于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術廣泛應用，現(xiàn)在基地大棚溫度高了會提醒，土壤溫度低了會通知。
 
　　陽谷縣農(nóng)業(yè)局負責人介紹，隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等新技術的推廣應用，“智慧農(nóng)業(yè)”正在成為全縣傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)轉型升級的新亮點。陽谷縣大力推廣應用移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等技術，著力建設土壤監(jiān)測、智能化決策、電商平臺等配套工程，逐步把傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)變成“指尖上的農(nóng)業(yè)”。像東大生態(tài)園和谷豐源一樣，如今全縣眾多蔬菜種植戶都安裝了滴灌設施。
 
　　山東魚臺縣：讓蔬菜喝上“營養(yǎng)液”
 
　　在山東魚臺縣王魯鎮(zhèn)王魯村聯(lián)棟大棚內(nèi)，建設安裝的智能水肥一體化無土栽培種植系統(tǒng)剛竣工不久,大棚里剛剛栽種上的黃瓜、西紅柿等蔬菜瓜果,正吮吸著用純凈水和肥料配制的“營養(yǎng)液”。一座座大型的原水桶、凈水桶、儲液桶、回液桶等11個大桶有序地排列在一起,施肥機、水處理設備等組成了中心控制系統(tǒng),從控制系統(tǒng)又伸出幾條主管道,通往3個大棚內(nèi),再通過一根根滴灌管道把配制好的營養(yǎng)液輸送到每棵蔬菜瓜果根部。
 
　　據(jù)相關人員介紹，水肥一體化技術具有節(jié)水、節(jié)肥、省工三大特點,通過這個水肥一體化技術,可以節(jié)水百分之三十到五十,節(jié)肥百分之三十到六十,還能省打藥、施肥的人工費,一季度省10到16個(人)工。
 
　　采用全新的水肥一體化無土栽培技術,能降低大棚濕度,減輕病蟲害發(fā)生,從而減少農(nóng)藥的使用,保證了蔬菜質量的安全；同時,灌溉用水水質均達純凈水標準,作物所需的營養(yǎng)肥料也由計算機系統(tǒng)實時控制,系統(tǒng)會根據(jù)農(nóng)作物每個生長周期需要的營養(yǎng)液通過管道直接輸送到每株蔬菜的根莖,多余的水又會自動回收、處理。
 
　　大棚里除了能實現(xiàn)水肥一體化的種植系統(tǒng),還有大棚自動通風機、自動卷簾機等多種新型裝備；還有防蟲網(wǎng)和粘蟲板,這里成為展示農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)模式的樣板。目前,3座大棚里已經(jīng)栽植上的水果黃瓜、西紅柿、西瓜、甜瓜,上市后吸引不少市民前來采摘觀光。
 
　　結語
 
　　水肥一體化作為控水減肥的關鍵途徑，是保障國家糧食安全，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代節(jié)水型農(nóng)業(yè)，轉變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式，促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必由之路。水肥一體化加速了農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進程，是未來發(fā)展趨勢，用液體肥不僅省工省時省力，還能與信息化、智能化技術結合，讓農(nóng)民種地越來越輕松。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)機械化、集約化和規(guī)?；N植程度的提高，滴灌設施的普及、裝備應用能力的提升，水肥一體化的科學操控、施肥、綠色環(huán)保等諸多優(yōu)點正在被廣大農(nóng)民所接受。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：天山網(wǎng)、大眾日報，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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