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秸稈綜合化利用新進(jìn)展 “廢棄物”翻身當(dāng)資源

2019-01-25 10:37:22 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：25941 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近年來，農(nóng)作物秸稈成為農(nóng)村面源污染的新源頭。據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計，我國作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國，每年可生成7億多噸秸稈，成為“用處不大”但必須處理掉的“廢棄物”。與此同時，困擾的另一面相對的是機遇，農(nóng)作物秸稈資源的綜合利用對于促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收、環(huán)境保護(hù)、資源節(jié)約以及農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展意義重大，有效推進(jìn)秸稈綜合化利用迫在眉睫。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】近年來，農(nóng)作物秸稈成為農(nóng)村面源污染的新源頭。據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計，我國作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國，每年可生成7億多噸秸稈，成為“用處不大”但必須處理掉的“廢棄物”。與此同時，困擾的另一面相對的是機遇，農(nóng)作物秸稈資源的綜合利用對于促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收、環(huán)境保護(hù)、資源節(jié)約以及農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展意義重大，有效推進(jìn)秸稈綜合化利用迫在眉睫。
 

        長春市九臺區(qū)秸稈還田34.5萬畝 成“全國秸稈綜合利用新樣板”
 
　　九臺區(qū)地處吉林省中部，是全國產(chǎn)糧大縣，常年糧食總產(chǎn)量30億斤以上，年產(chǎn)各類農(nóng)作物秸稈132萬噸左右。2018年,吉林省長春市九臺區(qū)藍(lán)天優(yōu)良指數(shù)達(dá)到284天，優(yōu)良率達(dá)到87.9%，被國務(wù)院辦公廳通報表揚，成為“全國秸稈綜合利用新樣板”。
 
　　禁止焚燒秸稈，既要讓廣大農(nóng)民破除千百年來形成的舊習(xí)，讓他們從內(nèi)心里接受，還要倒逼政府為秸稈綜合利用找項目、找出口；其次是樹立典型，通過典型帶動秸稈綜合利用共建發(fā)展；財政給予補貼大力推廣秸稈全量(半量)還田，建立秸稈機械還田示范方；為推動秸稈綜合利用創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，九臺區(qū)先后舉行多次全九臺區(qū)秸稈還田現(xiàn)場演示會、秸稈綜合利用推進(jìn)會，有力推進(jìn)了秸稈綜合利用工作向縱深發(fā)展。
 
　　九臺區(qū)健全了以財政投入為主的經(jīng)費保障制度，九臺區(qū)財政每年列支3000萬元，用于秸稈綜合利用考核獎勵資金；同時，九臺區(qū)積極為消化秸稈找出路，多方受益讓秸稈變廢為寶天更藍(lán)；積極出臺扶持鼓勵政策，加大財政投入力度，秸稈還田和保護(hù)性耕作在原有的每畝農(nóng)機補貼20元的基礎(chǔ)上，再追加補貼20元，達(dá)到每公頃600元。2018年，秸稈還田34.5萬畝。
 
　　四川省內(nèi)江市形成秸稈綜合利用“五化”新格局
 
　　2018年全市秸稈綜合利用工作通過強化宣傳引導(dǎo)、積極探索多途徑綜合利用秸稈、強化資金保障和強化收儲體系建設(shè)等措施，大力推廣秸稈直接還田、腐熟還田、秸稈飼料化、食用菌基料、作生物質(zhì)燃料的原料和沼氣原料等多種方式利用農(nóng)作物秸稈，初步形成肥料化利用為主，飼料化、燃料化、基料化、原料化為輔的“五化”利用格局。
 
　　2018年全市秸稈理論產(chǎn)生量(預(yù)計)177.04萬噸，可收集產(chǎn)生量(預(yù)計)141.97萬噸，秸稈綜合利用量(預(yù)計)121.58萬噸，利用率85.64%，其中：肥料化利用78.72萬噸，占利用量的64.7%；飼料化利用29.33萬噸，占利用量的24.1%；能源化利用9.34萬噸，占利用量的7.7%；基料化利用2.41萬噸，占利用量的2.0%；原料化利用1.79萬噸，占利用量的1.5%。
 
　　浙江天臺縣秸稈變身超級燃料
 
　　秸稈是農(nóng)作物廢棄物，如今，這種物質(zhì)也變身成為一種新型能源走進(jìn)大眾視野，將秸稈加工成燃料，廣泛應(yīng)用在居民、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)生活中。
 
　　天臺縣建立了秸稈收儲運服務(wù)平臺，集秸稈打包、收儲、轉(zhuǎn)運、加工于一體的秸稈轉(zhuǎn)運中心和秸稈全量利用中心。將收購來的秸稈，部分運送給縣內(nèi)其它的養(yǎng)殖戶、種植戶作有機肥和飼料，將秸稈循環(huán)利用的資源，剩余的就加工成生物燃料，運送給工業(yè)企業(yè)，代替煤炭燃燒，大大減少對環(huán)境的污染。
 
　　陜西藍(lán)田為秸稈禁燒重點村鎮(zhèn)配置玉米秸稈粉碎還田機
 
　　“三秋”來臨，為積極開展“治污減霾 保衛(wèi)藍(lán)天行動”，藍(lán)田縣農(nóng)機管理站依托農(nóng)機化項目，以機具促面積，不斷推進(jìn)玉米秸稈機械化綜合利用水平，杜絕秸稈焚燒現(xiàn)場。
 
　　本次機具配置依托省級秸稈機械化綜合利用項目，共引進(jìn)推廣秸稈粉碎還田機30臺，分別為藍(lán)田縣城區(qū)周邊及高速路沿線的普化鎮(zhèn)和三里鎮(zhèn)各配置15臺。機具配置后，縣農(nóng)機管理站堅持做到每臺機具與鎮(zhèn)村簽訂機具使用管理協(xié)議書，確保機具在“三秋”秸稈綜合利用中充分發(fā)揮作用，實現(xiàn)以“疏”為主，以用促禁的目標(biāo)，通過秸稈大面積利用實現(xiàn)禁燒，促進(jìn)藍(lán)田縣秋季秸稈綜合利用與禁燒工作取得新成效。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：長春市農(nóng)委、四川省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳、天臺報、陜西省農(nóng)機信息網(wǎng)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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