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2019年上半年重慶市水果生產(chǎn)調(diào)度情況

2019-07-30 09:23:41 來源:重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣總站 閱讀量:14512 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:據(jù)市農(nóng)情統(tǒng)計(jì),截至2019年6月底,全市水果面積達(dá)691.1(2018年682.6)萬畝,繼續(xù)保持穩(wěn)定增長態(tài)勢,增幅1.39%;產(chǎn)量549.3(2018年547.9)萬噸,增幅0.26%,基本與2018年持平。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情一、基本情況
 
  據(jù)市農(nóng)情統(tǒng)計(jì),截至2019年6月底,全市水果面積達(dá)691.1(2018年682.6)萬畝,繼續(xù)保持穩(wěn)定增長態(tài)勢,增幅1.39%;產(chǎn)量549.3(2018年547.9)萬噸,增幅0.26%,基本與2018年持平。其中:
 
  柑橘面積達(dá)345(2018年345)萬畝,與2018年持平,產(chǎn)量326(2018年320)萬噸,增加6萬噸,增幅1.88%,實(shí)現(xiàn)十三年增。
 
  特色水果達(dá)307.1(2018年299.6)萬畝,增加7.5萬畝,增幅2.50%,產(chǎn)量157.6(2018年163.3)萬噸,減產(chǎn)5.7萬噸,減幅3.49%,證實(shí)2019年連陰雨災(zāi)情對(duì)應(yīng)季成熟的特色水果影響較大。其中:李子面積114.4(2018年105.7)萬畝,較去年增加8.7萬畝,增幅8.23%,產(chǎn)量52.3(2018年48.6)萬噸,增加3.7萬噸,增幅7.61%,面積產(chǎn)量增幅均明顯放緩;脆李市場均價(jià)15.33元/公斤,較去年增加5.33元,增幅53.3%。
 
  鮮食瓜果達(dá)39.04(2018年38.0)萬畝,增加1.04萬畝,增幅2.74%,產(chǎn)量65.6(2018年64.6)萬噸,增加1萬噸,增幅1.55%。
 
  二、災(zāi)害氣候條件下,我市水果穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增收之因分析
 
  上半年,我市水果生產(chǎn)遭遇冬季連陰雨低溫凍害和梅雨期延長2次重大災(zāi)害危害,但也出現(xiàn)了2次理想的天氣過程,冬季低溫有利于脆李等落葉果樹花芽分化,春季2月-4月,花期干旱少雨,適宜多數(shù)水果開花結(jié)果和晚熟柑橘收獲,為今年柑橘和脆李增產(chǎn)豐收奠定了基礎(chǔ);柑橘、李子、枇杷、櫻桃、草莓、棗子、柿子等主要水果實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn),特別是柑橘和脆李的穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn),帶動(dòng)全市水果大幅增收。但是,今年梅雨期延長,也給應(yīng)季成熟的其他水果造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。
 
  1、柑橘成功抵御冬季持續(xù)陰雨天氣危害
 
  今年1月至2月初,遭遇持續(xù)降雨與低溫雨雪的侵襲,我國南方地區(qū)整個(gè)冬季日照天數(shù)很少,這次低溫寒害的強(qiáng)度之大、受害面積之廣僅次于1976年的凍害,很多多年生成年果園大樹枝丫被凍壞,凍害現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重,給廣西、江西、湖南、湖北、福建、浙江等柑橘產(chǎn)區(qū)造成重大損失。如湖南常德市柑橘受災(zāi)面積100萬畝,其中絕收面積50萬畝,損失高達(dá)數(shù)億元。我市柑橘生產(chǎn)盡管遭遇災(zāi)害性天氣危害,但是,因?yàn)榇竺娣e推廣了晚熟柑橘“防落果、防枯水、防霜凍”為主的“三防技術(shù)”,支撐晚熟柑橘有效抵御了全國性重大災(zāi)害性天氣,在其他主產(chǎn)省區(qū)減產(chǎn)減收情況下,我市取得全面豐產(chǎn)豐收。
 
  據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),全市2月以后采摘的柑橘面積211.7萬畝,占柑橘總面積的61.4%,其中晚熟品種160.5萬畝,晚采的臍橙、錦橙和檸檬等51.2萬畝,全部實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)和較大幅度增收,據(jù)市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委柑橘價(jià)格周報(bào)監(jiān)測,因全國柑橘遭災(zāi),今年我市柑橘平均價(jià)格較去年將增加20%以上,將推動(dòng)柑橘綜合效益再創(chuàng)歷史新高。
 
  2、梅雨季對(duì)脆李的危害有應(yīng)對(duì)之策
 
  長期以來,我市李子主要為江安大白李,多數(shù)沿江栽植,成熟上市期集中在6月至7月上旬,與長江流域梅雨季重疊。今年5月底開始的持續(xù)梅雨季,迄今尚未完全結(jié)束,導(dǎo)致臨近成熟的脆李果實(shí)裂果、落果、腐爛和樹體流膠加重,特別是品質(zhì)下降、耐貯性減弱,給全市脆李生產(chǎn)造成很大麻煩,產(chǎn)量增幅由2018年的17.57%下降至7.61%。但是,由于市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委提早布局,2017/2018年安排資金400萬元,依托市晚熟柑橘脆李產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系,開展針對(duì)常年梅雨季危害的脆李綜合避害關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與集成示范,重點(diǎn)推廣了巫山脆李等一批中晚熟脆李新品種、175米(長江沿岸)至1800米(紅池壩)垂直海拔熟期調(diào)控、采后近零度(0℃-2℃)預(yù)貯預(yù)冷和冷鏈運(yùn)輸綜合技術(shù),拉長成熟上市期至9月,規(guī)避梅雨季,減輕了連陰雨的嚴(yán)重危害,增加了產(chǎn)業(yè)效益,為實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收提供堅(jiān)強(qiáng)支撐。
 
  據(jù)重慶市農(nóng)網(wǎng)監(jiān)測,今年李子零售均價(jià)15.33元/公斤,較2018年同比上漲53.3%,成為今年全市農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)農(nóng)民增收和山區(qū)脫貧的大亮點(diǎn)。
 
  3、其他梅雨期應(yīng)季開花和成熟的水果損失嚴(yán)重
 
  冬季和初夏低溫連陰雨,給荔枝和龍眼等熱帶亞熱帶水果造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。由于冬季低溫寒害導(dǎo)致花芽受損和開花期連陰雨危害,荔枝基本無產(chǎn),在2018年基本絕收的基礎(chǔ)上,今年,再次絕收;5月中旬開花的龍眼遭遇花期連陰雨,產(chǎn)量3.1萬噸,在2018年減產(chǎn)5.65%的基礎(chǔ)上,再次大幅減產(chǎn)21.32%。
 
  今年,5月中旬至7月中旬梅雨季成熟的水果損失嚴(yán)重。梨子預(yù)計(jì)34.9萬噸,減幅20.15%;獼猴桃5.99萬噸,減幅6.13%;葡萄17.49萬噸,減幅2.09%;楊梅0.81萬噸,減幅4.26%。
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