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青海省多舉措加快農(nóng)機推廣步伐

2019-10-24 14:45:52 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：37978 評論

導讀：試驗旨在測試、比對不同機型、不同厚度地膜、不同種植模式的殘膜機械化回收作業(yè)效果，選型出適合青海的殘膜回收機具及地膜馬鈴薯種植工藝，促進青海省殘膜機械化技術(shù)發(fā)展，提高殘地膜回收利用率，減少白色污染。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】

       省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站組織開展地膜油菜機械化收獲試驗
 
　　9月30日—10月16日，青海省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站在湟中縣李家山鄉(xiāng)張莊村、互助縣卓扎灘開展了地膜油菜機收獲試驗。試驗分別對20000株/畝、25000株/畝、30000株/畝、35000株/畝地膜油菜試驗田油菜植株高度、分枝度、分枝數(shù)、結(jié)莢高度、枝角莢數(shù)、角粒數(shù)、籽粒直徑、植株直徑、角莢成熟度、畝產(chǎn)量、籽粒千粒重等數(shù)據(jù)行了采集。試驗中對油菜機械化聯(lián)合收獲中的機體損失、脫粒損失、夾帶損失等進行了現(xiàn)場測試。試驗旨在通過對比不同種植密度下的綜合損失(包括機體損失、夾帶損失、脫粒損失、未成熟損失)及機聯(lián)合收獲難易程度等，找出產(chǎn)量佳、損失少、易于機械化收獲的地膜油菜種植密度及種植工藝，促進青海省膜油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，提高農(nóng)牧民收入。
 
　　省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站組織開展馬鈴薯殘地膜機械化回收試驗
 
　　10月12日—17日，青海省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站組織專業(yè)技術(shù)人員分別在互助縣丹麻鎮(zhèn)、湟中縣多巴鎮(zhèn)開展了馬鈴薯殘地膜機械化回收試驗。試驗分別就5家企業(yè)7種機型8臺殘膜回收機進行了拾凈率、纏膜率、生產(chǎn)效率、作業(yè)成本等數(shù)據(jù)采集。并就0.01mm、0.015mm、0.018mm三種不同厚度的地膜進行機械化回收作業(yè)效果對比測試，以及對膜上覆土與不覆土馬鈴薯種植模式的作業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)試驗等。
 
　　試驗旨在測試、比對不同機型、不同厚度地膜、不同種植模式的殘膜機械化回收作業(yè)效果，選型出適合青海的殘膜回收機具及地膜馬鈴薯種植工藝，促進青海省殘膜機械化技術(shù)發(fā)展，提高殘地膜回收利用率，減少白色污染。
 
　　舉辦畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污資源化利用、農(nóng)牧業(yè)循環(huán)發(fā)展培訓班
 
　　為提高州(市)、縣農(nóng)牧人員業(yè)務素質(zhì)，加快青海省草牧業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，由省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳畜牧業(yè)處主辦，省畜牧總站承辦的“畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污資源化利用、農(nóng)牧業(yè)循環(huán)發(fā)展培訓班”于2019年10年16日—10月18日在甘肅臨夏縣舉行。廳畜牧業(yè)處、省畜牧總站、省大通種牛場、省三角城種羊場、省三江集團以及2市4州22縣農(nóng)牧局技術(shù)人員參加了培訓。
 
　　培訓期間，分別組織參訓人員前往甘肅省臨夏州東鄉(xiāng)縣、廣河縣實地參觀學習東鄉(xiāng)縣果園鄉(xiāng)利平養(yǎng)殖場、文奎養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)合作社，廣河縣騰源牛羊養(yǎng)殖農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、廣盛產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司、伊澤苑牛羊養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)合作社畜禽糞水利用技術(shù)以及玉米青貯、利用等技術(shù)。并邀請專家就畜禽糞便好氧堆肥、畜禽糞便還田技術(shù)等方面為大家進行授課。
 
　　通過技術(shù)培訓和實地觀摩學習，參訓的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員學習到了畜禽糞便資源利用的新技術(shù)，統(tǒng)一了認識，進一步明確了工作目標。
 
　　創(chuàng)新燕麥飼草機械化烘干技術(shù)
 
　　10月15日，青海省燕麥飼草機械化烘干技術(shù)現(xiàn)場展示會在海北州門源縣召開。青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺邀請了中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學、青海大學等高校及行業(yè)部門10余位專家現(xiàn)場為當?shù)仫暡菁庸て髽I(yè)傳經(jīng)送寶、答疑解惑，為提升青海草產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平獻計獻策。
 
　　近年來，青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺凝聚科研、教學、推廣、生產(chǎn)及草產(chǎn)品加工等方面技術(shù)力量，不斷加快草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技成果的轉(zhuǎn)化研發(fā)步伐，幫助發(fā)展草產(chǎn)業(yè)的縣區(qū)實現(xiàn)了從飼草種植到草產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)加工，從研發(fā)到市場的有機銜接。目前，該平臺已對接縣區(qū)16個，建成飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺基地11個。
 
　　青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺專家徐成體介紹說，經(jīng)過多年的努力，平臺選育出適宜青海不同地區(qū)種植的牧草品種20余個，通過主導品種推介工作，使牧草種植良種率從2012年的70%提高到2018年的92%。同時，飼草栽培、加工技術(shù)在對接縣區(qū)的使用率達到98%以上，全面推動了青海草產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。
 
　　青海是我國燕麥飼草的主產(chǎn)區(qū)，年種植面積穩(wěn)定在150萬畝以上，具有良好的資源優(yōu)勢。但是，高寒地區(qū)燕麥飼草收獲期適逢秋雨連綿時期，來不及收獲的飼草霉爛問題十分嚴重。自然攤曬方式下，飼草營養(yǎng)流失嚴重，粗蛋白等營養(yǎng)成分的保存率只有40-50%，以致生產(chǎn)出的草產(chǎn)品品相差、質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，且價值難提升。
 
　　為有效解決草產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問題，青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺在開展關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)的同時，從國家牧草產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系引進相關(guān)技術(shù)進行在地化熟化，2015年7月，全國首套燕麥飼草機械干燥設備于落戶青海省飼草平臺門源驗示范基地(門源縣富源青高原草業(yè))。經(jīng)過幾年的努力，該基地已實現(xiàn)年產(chǎn)燕麥烘干草1500噸以上。
 
　　“機械干燥比自然晾曬各項指標都有顯著提升，技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量達到了國內(nèi)先進水平。從數(shù)據(jù)上看，燕麥烘干草的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性碳水化合物的保存率可達85%以上，蛋白含量達8.59%，可溶性碳水化合物含量為23.61g/100g，品質(zhì)達到澳洲燕麥鉆石級別。”徐成體說。
 
　　國家牧草產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系機械崗位專家、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學教授王德成表示，在高寒地區(qū)開展飼草機械化干燥技術(shù)研究是一種創(chuàng)舉，它打破了以往飼草生產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)理念和方式，是農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝相結(jié)合的有效體現(xiàn)，燕麥干燥的門源模式”值得借鑒與推廣。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：青海省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳青海省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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