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補短板、擴補貼：設施農業(yè)將迎來高質量發(fā)展?。▋雀窖a貼詳情）

2019-12-21 16:48:36 來源：農機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：48469 評論

導讀：設施農業(yè)包括設施園藝(種植)、設施養(yǎng)殖、設施水產三個領域。據(jù)了解，經過10多年的發(fā)展，我國已成為設施農業(yè)第一大國，溫室面積占世界比重超過80%。設施農業(yè)已經成為現(xiàn)代農業(yè)發(fā)展的重要驅動力，是農業(yè)增效、農民增收、食品安全的重要產業(yè)支柱。對鄉(xiāng)村振興發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 隨著我國現(xiàn)代農業(yè)科技進步，傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)種養(yǎng)模式全面機械化的同時，設施農業(yè)機械化也獲得了一定發(fā)展。噴滴灌精準施肥的溫室大棚、自動化送料系統(tǒng)喂養(yǎng)的智能豬舍、推水增氧“跑道”裝置的魚塘……設施農業(yè)機械化、智能化，正在改變傳統(tǒng)種養(yǎng)模式，推進農業(yè)高質量發(fā)展。
 
　　設施農業(yè)包括設施園藝(種植)、設施養(yǎng)殖、設施水產三個領域。據(jù)了解，經過10多年的發(fā)展，我國已成為設施農業(yè)第一大國，溫室面積占世界比重超過80%。設施農業(yè)已經成為現(xiàn)代農業(yè)發(fā)展的重要驅動力，是農業(yè)增效、農民增收、食品安全的重要產業(yè)支柱。對鄉(xiāng)村振興發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。

　　發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
 
　　據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，2018年我國溫室面積達196.37萬公頃，畜禽設施規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖率達到60.5%，工廠化水產養(yǎng)殖面積達8187.9萬立方米。設施農業(yè)育苗育種、生產、加工、冷鏈物流、銷售等產前、產中、產后全產業(yè)鏈條基本形成，規(guī)模以上溫室工程企業(yè)556家，溫室材料設備企業(yè)471家；設施蔬菜產量占到全國蔬菜總產量的30%左右，設施園藝年產值9800億元，提供了約4000萬個就業(yè)崗位。設施農業(yè)建設和運行維護還有效帶動農村建筑、材料、機械、化工等相關產業(yè)的發(fā)展，拓寬了農民就業(yè)增收渠道。
 
　　補短板：升級裝備、擴大補貼
 
　　雖然我國設施農業(yè)規(guī)模巨大，但整體機械化水平卻很低。設施園藝方面，當前全國設施園藝機械化率平均僅達33%，且在不同設施、不同環(huán)節(jié)上極不平衡。連棟溫室機械化水平相對高，日光溫室和大棚低；耕整地和水肥環(huán)節(jié)相對高，種和收環(huán)節(jié)低，環(huán)控居中。裝備從基礎層面升級任務迫切。
 
　　此外，在農機補貼方面，設施農業(yè)裝備補貼占比低、范圍窄。據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，此前設施園藝裝備年度所占比重基本在1%以內，品類較少?！?018-2020年農機購置補貼實施指導意見》中也僅列了電動卷簾機、熱風爐、加溫系統(tǒng)(含燃油熱風爐、熱水加溫系統(tǒng))、水簾降溫設備四類設備，區(qū)域局限性明顯，適應當前產業(yè)發(fā)展需要的環(huán)境控制、省力作業(yè)機具、信息化管理系統(tǒng)等已成熟和廣泛應用的設備急待納入。雖然部分省份已經啟動了補貼試點，對大棚和溫室進行補貼，但當前補貼范圍、對象、有效性仍急需統(tǒng)籌和改進。
 
　　在今年8月舉辦的2019中國設施農業(yè)產業(yè)大會上，農業(yè)農村部農業(yè)機械化管理司政策規(guī)劃處李偉副處長曾表示，近年來，農機購置補貼的平穩(wěn)運行，既為設施大棚骨架補貼積累了管理經驗，也提供了資金保障；下一階段將在除浙江外，寧波、江西、遼寧、山東、安徽等省(市)陸續(xù)開展試點，積累一定經驗。在此基礎上，農機化司將進一步總結設施農業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，提出存在問題，分析面臨形勢，制訂發(fā)展目標，研究對設施農業(yè)的扶持措施，同時將發(fā)布日光溫室、設施畜牧業(yè)、設施水產業(yè)類設施的補貼標準。
 
　　部分省份具體補貼政策
 
　　在設施農業(yè)裝備購置補貼上，筆者整理了遼寧、山東、安徽三個省份的具體政策以供參考。
 
遼寧省
 
　　2019年，遼寧省將節(jié)能日光溫室鋼結構骨架列入農機購置補貼范圍，并開展兩年試點工作，每年投入3000萬元支持設施農業(yè)發(fā)展，補貼產品為節(jié)能日光溫室標準化鋼結構骨架鋼結構骨架主體應用于遼寧省第三代節(jié)能日光溫室，主要包括全落地式、半落地式節(jié)能日光溫室和鋼結構骨架大棚。
 
　　補貼標準為：全落地式鋼結構骨架節(jié)能日光溫室，每棟溫室內每畝生產面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼1.4萬元；半落地式鋼結構骨架節(jié)能日光溫室，每棟溫室內每畝生產面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼1.2萬元；鋼結構骨架大棚，每棟棚內每畝生產面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼0.8萬元。
 
山東省
 
　　山東省農業(yè)農村廳今年8月印發(fā)《山東省2019-2020年日光溫室補貼試點工作實施方案》，安排中央農機購置補貼資金2600萬元，在濟南市萊蕪區(qū)、青州市、壽光市、蘭陵縣、莘縣等設施農業(yè)發(fā)展重點地區(qū)和近兩年日光溫室大棚暴雨受災嚴重縣區(qū)，開展日光溫室補貼試點。

　　補貼產品為日光溫室(不含基建部分)，對符合補貼產品條件的日光溫室按室內面積每平方米補貼40元；單棟日光溫室補貼資金不超過5萬元。年度內，農業(yè)生產個人每戶享受補貼日光溫室數(shù)量不超過2棟，農業(yè)生產經營組織不超過5棟。
 
安徽省
 
　　今年11月，安徽省農業(yè)農村廳、安徽省財政廳聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關于開展2019-2020年連棟溫室農機新產品購置補貼試點工作的通知》，決定在全省范圍內開展連棟溫室農機新產品購置補貼試點工作。
 
　　此次試點工作將連棟塑料膜溫室和連棟玻璃溫室納入試點補貼范圍。試點期間，每年安徽省從年度農機購置補貼資金總規(guī)模中安排3000萬元，用于連棟溫室、廢棄物料烘干機農機新產品購置補貼試點。

　　連棟塑料膜溫室起補軸線面積為2000平方米(含)，連棟玻璃溫室起補軸線面積為1000平方米(含)。年度內，從事農業(yè)生產的個人和農業(yè)生產經營組織可享受補貼資金總額分別不超過30萬元(含)和80萬元(含)。

上一篇： 國家農業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新聯(lián)盟和鄉(xiāng)村振興科技支撐行動工作交流會在京召開

下一篇：發(fā)展設施農業(yè)，2025年機械化率達到50%以上

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