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陜西白河縣：積極應(yīng)對(duì)茶園寒潮雪災(zāi)

2020-04-01 10:25:43 來源：白河縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局 閱讀量：16297 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：3月27至3月28日的寒潮天氣俗稱“倒春寒”，導(dǎo)致白河縣多地中高山地區(qū)出現(xiàn)降雪及低溫天氣，特別是嚴(yán)重影響了茶園正在生長的茶樹幼嫩芽葉，造成茶樹新梢凍害受損。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 3月27至3月28日的寒潮天氣俗稱“倒春寒”，導(dǎo)致白河縣多地中高山地區(qū)出現(xiàn)降雪及低溫天氣，特別是嚴(yán)重影響了茶園正在生長的茶樹幼嫩芽葉，造成茶樹新梢凍害受損。
 
　　3月29日縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局局長史建強(qiáng)、總農(nóng)藝師金劍、縣人保財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人等一行，深入茅坪、卡子等鎮(zhèn)受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重茶葉園區(qū)，實(shí)地查看受雪災(zāi)凍害茶園情況，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo)茶園恢復(fù)技術(shù)措施，并鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)要堅(jiān)定信心，盡快恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)，努力將損失降到低。
 
　　由于此次積雪造成茶樹的新梢和萌動(dòng)芽葉發(fā)生嚴(yán)重凍害，并且在積雪融化過程中，融雪會(huì)吸收環(huán)境熱量，可能導(dǎo)致茶樹葉片和新梢的凍害進(jìn)一步加重。茶園遭受寒潮雪災(zāi)后，應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的救護(hù)措施，及早恢復(fù)茶葉生產(chǎn)。為此專家建議應(yīng)采取以下主要補(bǔ)救措施：
 
　　一是及時(shí)除雪，減輕凍害。與冬季積雪防凍不同，春季寒潮雪災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，特別是新梢萌動(dòng)后出現(xiàn)的積雪，務(wù)必及時(shí)清除，以減輕新梢凍害程度。對(duì)于積雪不多的茶園，且環(huán)境溫度達(dá)到5℃以上，如果有條件可以進(jìn)行蓬面噴霧，促進(jìn)積雪融化，減輕凍害；對(duì)于蓬面積雪較深的茶園，特別是有冰凌的茶園，務(wù)必等到冰雪融化后再采取相應(yīng)措施。
 
　　二是及時(shí)采除或輕修剪受凍芽葉，促進(jìn)新芽萌發(fā)。茶樹遭受嚴(yán)重寒潮雪災(zāi)后，樹冠部分新梢受凍失去光合能力，必須及時(shí)進(jìn)行采除或輕修剪，以防止凍傷枯死部位進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。同時(shí)采除受凍芽葉有利于促進(jìn)新芽萌發(fā)。輕修剪時(shí)宜注意修剪程度宜輕不宜重。對(duì)于凍害嚴(yán)重的1-2年生茶樹，如果凍死率不高，可以采用定型修剪的辦法，剪去部分枯枝，并補(bǔ)植缺叢。
 
　　三是及時(shí)排水，加強(qiáng)養(yǎng)分管理。受寒潮雪災(zāi)影響的茶園應(yīng)及時(shí)排水，疏松土壤，提高土壤通氣性，以利于茶樹根系生長和養(yǎng)分吸收。當(dāng)氣溫回升后，尤其是受凍茶樹在修剪過后，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)養(yǎng)分管理，增施葉面肥。由于茶樹受凍后損耗了體內(nèi)較多的養(yǎng)分，及時(shí)施肥有利于補(bǔ)充樹體養(yǎng)分，恢復(fù)正常生長和萌發(fā)新芽。同時(shí)，施肥應(yīng)注重配施一定量的磷、鉀肥。

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