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江蘇蘇州吳中區(qū)無人機突破丘陵茶樹植保高難度

2021-01-18 08:59:11 來源：江蘇省蘇州市吳中區(qū)農(nóng)機推廣站 閱讀量：21711 評論

導讀：以無人機作為載體，對茶園果園進行實時監(jiān)控和病蟲害的處理，具有作業(yè)靈活、起降無需跑道，可適應地形復雜的地形，因此無人機可以很好的應用在茶園果園的病蟲害的治理中。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 江蘇省蘇州市吳中區(qū)茶果主要種植在山地坡地上，之前大多農(nóng)戶都以人工噴灑農(nóng)藥為主，無人機植保行業(yè)未開拓，且茶樹、果樹多種植于山坡兩側(cè)，地形環(huán)境復雜，種植不均，高度不一，人工噴灑效率低，存在漏噴的現(xiàn)象，這些都是病蟲害防治的主要難題。以無人機作為載體，對茶園果園進行實時監(jiān)控和病蟲害的處理，具有作業(yè)靈活、起降無需跑道，可適應地形復雜的地形，因此無人機可以很好的應用在茶園果園的病蟲害的治理中。
 
　　但這對于無人機飛防植保的應用提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)，主要是坡地條件對于無人機的飛行路線的規(guī)劃具有一定難度。近來，吳中區(qū)農(nóng)機推廣站聯(lián)合陸舍農(nóng)機服務專業(yè)合作社，在金庭茶園進行無人機茶樹植保試驗，此試驗基于三維重建技術和圖像視覺技術，利用多旋翼無人機采集茶園實時影像，其飛行平衡、抗擾行強，通過人工智能算法，重構茶園坡地三維場景，并精準識別茶樹位置，從而實現(xiàn)坡地條件下的無人機自動路徑規(guī)劃和飛防植保。如遇茶樹行距為兩米，呈等高線規(guī)整分布的情況，可在軟件內(nèi)將飛行軌跡定位于茶樹樹心以等高線為航線連續(xù)噴灑飛行。如茶樹分布零散且不均勻，可采用定點噴灑設置每株噴灑用量噴灑，如遇較為高大的樹也可用定點持續(xù)噴灑加強藥物滲透保證藥效。
 
　　此試驗取得了顯著的成效，主要體現(xiàn)在三方面：
 
　　一是經(jīng)濟效益： 就勞動力成本，人工每日可作業(yè)茶樹的規(guī)模是10畝每人單價200元。然而利用無人機每日可以對茶樹噴灑農(nóng)藥的范圍180畝左右。而無人機植保的價格為15元/畝，無人機噴灑的農(nóng)藥量比人工噴灑的農(nóng)藥量可節(jié)省約30%，時間成本可節(jié)約4.5倍，經(jīng)濟效益高，可以為農(nóng)戶節(jié)約種植成本，提高利潤率。
 
　　二是社會效益：無人機植?？纱蟠缶徑饽壳皠趧恿η啡薄⒗淆g化嚴重等問題，年齡偏大勞動力不宜上山作業(yè)、人藥分離的作業(yè)模式，均降低了作業(yè)者的人身安全風險。
 
　　三是生態(tài)效益： 無人機植保的方式減少了藥物噴灑量，提高藥液使用率，降低農(nóng)藥的污染，響應綠色防控號召，推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，智能化發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)精準化農(nóng)業(yè)，促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

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