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河南省對2021年秋糧生產(chǎn)作出指導部署

2021-05-25 11:45:14 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:40659 評論

導讀:從今年河南省糧食生產(chǎn)情況看,夏糧面積穩(wěn)中有增,品質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化,小麥條銹病、赤霉病得到有效防控,有望再獲豐收。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 今年是“十四五”開局之年,也是建黨100周年,河南省作為糧食生產(chǎn)大省,抓好秋糧生產(chǎn),對于夯實全年糧食豐收基礎(chǔ),保障國家糧食安全、穩(wěn)定市場糧食價格,對于鞏固脫貧攻堅成果、全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興,確保“十四五”開好局、起好步具有重要意義。5月24日,河南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于2021年秋糧生產(chǎn)的技術(shù)指導意見》(以下簡稱《指導意見》),要求各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門要切實增強抓好秋糧生產(chǎn)的責任感和緊迫感,扎實做好各項工作,確保秋糧面積穩(wěn)定在7600萬畝以上,確保全年糧食生產(chǎn)目標任務(wù)完成,以優(yōu)異成績迎接黨百年華誕!
 
  《指導意見》指出,從今年河南省糧食生產(chǎn)情況看,夏糧面積穩(wěn)中有增,品質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化,小麥條銹病、赤霉病得到有效防控,有望再獲豐收。秋糧面積占全年的47%,產(chǎn)量占全年的45%,種足種好秋糧作物,對于完成全省糧食面積16125萬畝、產(chǎn)量1365億斤的目標至關(guān)重要。綜合分析今年秋糧生產(chǎn)形勢,有以下利好條件。一是黨委政府更加重視。中央實行糧食安全黨政同責以來,各級黨委政府對糧食生產(chǎn)更加重視,主要負責同志親自研究親自過問,并進一步加大了對糧食生產(chǎn)的資金投入,為糧食生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展提供了強有力的組織保障。二是秋糧生產(chǎn)效益提升。隨著生豬生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)步恢復,玉米、大豆需求持續(xù)旺盛,價格保持高位運行,玉米最高價格突破1.5元/斤,大豆最高價格突破3元/斤,種植效益明顯提升。三是土壤墑情較為適宜。當前,河南省土壤墑情較為適宜。據(jù)氣象局預測,5月下旬河南省還有3次降水過程,有利于秋糧適期足墑播種,實現(xiàn)一播全苗。
 

 

  在看到有利條件的同時,也應(yīng)當充分認識秋糧生產(chǎn)存在的不利因素:一是自然災(zāi)害多發(fā)。河南省秋糧生產(chǎn)期間,大風、暴雨、高溫、干旱等極端天氣易發(fā)多發(fā),抗災(zāi)抓生產(chǎn)的難度較大。二是病蟲害呈偏重發(fā)生態(tài)勢。據(jù)全國農(nóng)技中心發(fā)布的消息,玉米葉斑病、銹病、稻瘟病和草地貪夜蛾、粘蟲、玉米螟、稻飛虱、稻縱卷葉螟等病蟲害發(fā)生風險高,可能在河南省局部造成危害。三是秋糧質(zhì)量不高。受傳統(tǒng)耕作習慣影響,秋糧作物特別是玉米收獲偏早、含水量高,農(nóng)民缺少相應(yīng)的晾曬場地或烘干設(shè)備,收獲后果穗或籽粒直接大堆存放,易發(fā)生霉變。
 
  為此,省廳要求各地落實秋糧生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)模式。今年秋糧生產(chǎn)要積極擴大玉米種植面積,穩(wěn)定水稻、大豆、紅薯種植面積,適度發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)特色小宗糧豆。技術(shù)路線為:以高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、綠色為目標,依靠科技、主攻單產(chǎn),防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、降低損失,集成技術(shù)、增產(chǎn)增效,推進河南省秋糧高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。重點抓好以下技術(shù)模式的落實:
 
  (一)玉米高產(chǎn)高效技術(shù)模式。選用高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、耐密抗倒、熟期適中、多抗廣適的適宜機械化作業(yè)的優(yōu)良品種,以機械化貫穿玉米生產(chǎn)全過程,突出抓好玉米密度、整齊度、結(jié)實度、成熟度等“四度”的落實。依據(jù)各地市場需求、生產(chǎn)條件、農(nóng)戶意愿等,加快玉米籽粒機械直收、烘干和玉米品種互補增抗、鮮食玉米綠色高效、全株青貯專用型玉米高產(chǎn)高效等生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用,優(yōu)化玉米種植結(jié)構(gòu),提高玉米質(zhì)量效益和競爭力。
 
  (二)水稻高質(zhì)高效技術(shù)模式。積極篩選高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、米質(zhì)優(yōu)良、食味性好、熟期適宜的水稻新品種,加快河南省水稻品種更新速度,增加水稻品種豐富性,促進河南省優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效水稻品種持續(xù)發(fā)展。在水稻生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)推廣應(yīng)用機械化育插秧技術(shù)和水稻輕簡化直播栽培技術(shù),通過機械化應(yīng)用提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率,節(jié)省成本。結(jié)合各地實際,適度推廣“水稻+”和再生稻等高質(zhì)高效栽培模式,探索水稻糧飼“雙優(yōu)雙高”新型再生稻栽培技術(shù)。
 
  (三)夏大豆高產(chǎn)高效技術(shù)模式。依據(jù)光溫、土壤、降水等條件,因地制宜選用適應(yīng)性好、高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、抗逆性強的大豆品種;選擇性能良好的免耕播種機,合理密植、精量勻播、種肥同播,確保高質(zhì)量播種;因地、因苗施肥、排灌,科學運籌肥水;做好病蟲草害防控,綜合防治刺吸式昆蟲,降低癥青發(fā)生幾率;科學化學調(diào)控,?;ㄔ銮v;完熟期機械收獲,實現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)高效生產(chǎn)。
 
  (四)優(yōu)質(zhì)甘薯栽培和小宗糧豆輕簡化技術(shù)模式。以穩(wěn)面積、增單產(chǎn)、提品質(zhì)、增效益為目標,大力發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)加工用淀粉型甘薯。以市場需求為導向,適度種植特色鮮食型甘薯。加大主推品種推廣力度,加快新品種篩選示范工作。擴大健康種薯種苗應(yīng)用面積,重點推廣優(yōu)質(zhì)甘薯綠色高效生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、甘薯輕簡化栽培技術(shù)和甘薯水肥一體化栽培技術(shù)等技術(shù)模式,促進河南省甘薯生產(chǎn)水平提升。小宗糧豆生產(chǎn)以輕簡化栽培為導向。選用產(chǎn)量高、品質(zhì)好、適應(yīng)性強的優(yōu)良品種,機械精播、種肥同播,提高播種質(zhì)量,結(jié)合測土配方施肥、化學除草、病蟲害綜合防治等配套栽培技術(shù),實現(xiàn)節(jié)本增效、優(yōu)質(zhì)高效。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:河南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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