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最高省 50% 人工成本，大疆無人機(jī)為山地果園降本增效

2021-07-07 10:21:07 來源：DJI大疆農(nóng)業(yè) 閱讀量：15515 評論

導(dǎo)讀：　隨著種植規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，贛南地區(qū)臍橙園的管理方式也在變化，從人工到機(jī)械，從地面到天空，無人機(jī)正在飛入一片片果園，為其管理降本增效。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 明星企業(yè)】 “我父親種臍橙快 30 年了，從 1994 年的 60 畝，到如今的 10000 畝，都是我父親和他幾個兄弟，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)打拼出來的。”
 
　　來自江西省贛州市寧都縣的劉森亮，自豪地介紹自家果園。在贛州，臍橙種植戶已超 20 萬，是非常普遍的種植選擇。
 
　　潛力巨大，果樹飛防日漸興起
 
　　自上個世紀(jì) 70 年代從美國引進(jìn)第一棵臍橙樹起，經(jīng)歷近 50 年的發(fā)展，贛州已經(jīng)成為了大面積種植臍橙的地區(qū)，年產(chǎn)量達(dá)到 150 萬噸。
 
　　隨著種植規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，贛南地區(qū)臍橙園的管理方式也在變化，從人工到機(jī)械，從地面到天空，無人機(jī)正在飛入一片片果園，為其管理降本增效。

大疆 T30 正為臍橙園作業(yè)
 
　　成本減半，無人機(jī)高效服務(wù)果園
 
　　2020 年 8 月，26 歲的劉森亮考取了大疆植保無人機(jī)飛行證書，父親特地劃出了 350 畝山地果園，讓從前只負(fù)責(zé)銷售的他，從飛機(jī)打藥開始，嘗試管理果園。

劉森亮使用 T20 在山地果園作業(yè)
 
　　地址：江西省贛州市寧都縣竹笮鄉(xiāng)大富村
 
　　“打藥是果園管理重要的一環(huán)。之前我父親雇長期工，像坡度較大的 350 畝果園，完整打一次藥需要 10 個人費(fèi) 12 天，支付人工工資 15000 元甚至更高。”

　　面對日益嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)村人口空心化現(xiàn)象，“面積稍大點(diǎn)的果園，一打藥就開始愁找人。”劉森亮說：“我們選無人機(jī)，也是看中了它省人工，效率高，靈活性強(qiáng)，夜間也可以作業(yè)，能夠?yàn)橛昙静∠x害防治搶天時。”
 
　　350 畝山地果園單次噴藥成本
 
 

 

無人機(jī)可為果園節(jié)省50%人工成本
 
各區(qū)域情況不同，以上數(shù)據(jù)僅供參考
 
　　除此之外，劉森亮在投入成本上，也算了一筆賬。人工打藥需要先在地下埋入藥管，不僅增加支出，也增加了人工作業(yè)的不確定性。

果園藥管，通常埋在地下
 
　　比如在打藥過程中，可能會因?yàn)閴毫Ρ脡毫^大造成藥管炸裂，整個果園被迫停工；冬天采完果，果園要擴(kuò)穴施冬肥，一不注意就會挖斷藥管，補(bǔ)修也費(fèi)事。

“購買或租賃無人機(jī)的費(fèi)用，比鋪設(shè)管道更劃算。并且無人機(jī)有保險，操作簡單，維護(hù)省心。”劉森亮說。
 
　　防治紅蜘蛛，省藥30%
 
　　2020 年 9 月，劉森亮用一臺 T20 順利完成了 350 畝果園的植保，看到了 T20 在防治木虱、青蟲、潛葉蛾幾種蟲害上的效果。劉森亮信心大增，于是在 2021 年初，他又購買了一臺 T30，開始用 2 臺大疆植保機(jī)，共同管理果園。

2臺植保機(jī)為果園作業(yè)
 
　　截至 2021 年 7 月初，劉森亮管理的果園共打藥 10 次，用大疆植保無人機(jī)飛防作業(yè) 8 次，人工打波爾多液 1 次，人工打砂皮病 1 次。
 
　　“無人機(jī)是人工良好的替代品，比如 6 月 7 月比較難打的紅蜘蛛和潰瘍病，無人機(jī)防治效果很好，打藥也比人工快。”劉森亮說。

白色藥液均勻覆蓋在中下層小果上
 
T20 臍橙作業(yè)參數(shù)

 

各區(qū)域情況不同，以上數(shù)據(jù)僅供參考
 
　　紅蜘蛛是令所有柑橘種植者非常頭疼的蟲害。它們吸食葉片，嫩梢，幼果的汁液，從而留下病斑或者造成壞果。紅蜘蛛繁殖速度極快，又因?yàn)殚L在葉片背面，很難被殺死。
 
　　“人工打紅蜘蛛，為了達(dá)到防治效果，會把樹從上到下澆透，用藥量和用水量很大，也會有一定的藥液浪費(fèi)和土壤污染。”劉森亮說。
 
T30 臍橙作業(yè)參數(shù)

 

各區(qū)域情況不同，以上數(shù)據(jù)僅供參考
 
　　“無人機(jī)作業(yè)時，我們建議避開高溫天氣，飛行時速度一定要慢，畝用量可以增大，讓藥液均勻地噴灑在隨著風(fēng)場翻轉(zhuǎn)的樹葉上，這樣可以提高藥液利用率，節(jié)水省藥。”劉森亮補(bǔ)充道。
 

白色藥液覆蓋在果葉背面
 
　　目前，劉森亮用無人機(jī)照管的園子掛果均勻，果皮光滑無病斑，在用藥量上，也比人工減少了近 30%。

無人機(jī)飛防后的果樹情況，掛果均勻，無病斑
 
　　在無人機(jī)果園管理上，劉森亮也有自己的想法。
 
　　比如修剪果樹，需要配合無人機(jī)來修剪，以便更好地讓無人機(jī)打透果樹。

　　考慮到用藥的特殊性，也不能完全放棄人工。“比如波爾多液沉淀很快，無人機(jī)暫時達(dá)不到這樣的效果，我們還是會考慮人工噴藥，但次數(shù)很少。”
 
　　通過 350 畝果園的飛防管理，劉森亮認(rèn)為，無人機(jī)加上少部分人工管理，既可以降低成本，提高效率，更能保障果園健康。
 
　　如今，越來越多像劉森亮這樣的果農(nóng)使用植保無人機(jī)，高效便捷地管理果園，為當(dāng)?shù)毓麡I(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展添上一雙新的翅膀。

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