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展望農機行業(yè)發(fā)展新動向

2021-08-13 09:38:48 來源：農民日報客戶端 作者：農民日報 中國農網記者 鐘欣 楊夢帆 閱讀量：13544 評論

導讀：國外果園機械已進入高效生產狀態(tài)，各項技術穩(wěn)定發(fā)展并逐漸成熟，已經從高產量向高品質開始轉變未來。未來，果園機械發(fā)展之路應該是什么樣子？

　　【農機網 熱點關注】 

 


       2021年全國農機流通工作會議現場。
 

　　日前，在山東青島匯勤農業(yè)基地舉辦的全國智能果園機械專題演示展示會期間，來自50多家農機制造企業(yè)，微耕機、果園軌道運輸車、藤蔓粉碎機等100多款產品在這里集中亮相。中國農業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會副會長兼秘書長陳濤說：“當前我國糧食作物、平原農業(yè)的機械化發(fā)展速度較快，經濟作物、園藝作物、丘陵山區(qū)機械化的發(fā)展還有一定差距。由于面對地形地貌、經濟社會發(fā)展等復雜問題，迫切需要行業(yè)勠力攻關。”
 
　　這場精彩的集中演示只是由中國農業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會主辦的2021年全國農機流通工作會議的一個重要組成部分。今年，是我國農機流通行業(yè)發(fā)展60年，中國農業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會也走過了30年歷史。中國農業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會會長毛洪表示，協(xié)會自成立起就在加強行業(yè)自律、服務行業(yè)發(fā)展方面做了很多有意義的工作。30年的發(fā)展歷程，向行業(yè)證明了農業(yè)機械化是不可或缺、不可替代的重要力量。未來，協(xié)會將堅持不懈推進我國農機流通事業(yè)的發(fā)展，推動農業(yè)機械化和農業(yè)現代化的發(fā)展，為鄉(xiāng)村振興作出更大的貢獻。會議期間，為了更好地給行業(yè)、企業(yè)提供信息服務，中國農業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會還組織科研單位、農機生產與流通企業(yè)等代表齊聚一堂，圍繞行業(yè)關心話題和行業(yè)發(fā)展短板進行了深入探討交流。
 

植保無人機在進行演示。
 

 

一家企業(yè)代表正在演示藤蔓粉碎機。

機械化與智能化在多領域將實現深度融合
 
　　國外果園機械已進入高效生產狀態(tài)，各項技術穩(wěn)定發(fā)展并逐漸成熟，已經從高產量向高品質開始轉變未來。未來，果園機械發(fā)展之路應該是什么樣子？“隨著大數據、物聯網的在農業(yè)領域應用，果園機械化生產通過移動終端實現遠程操控?？梢酝ㄟ^圖像工具實時查看水果生長情況，遠程操控機器工作。在田間管理環(huán)節(jié)，可以實現根據果樹形狀自動調節(jié)噴頭高度、根據果樹株距自動對靶噴施農藥、無人駕駛與噴施農藥量自動控制等功能。”青島農業(yè)大學機電工程學院教授、副院長王東偉認為，未來的果園應該實現生態(tài)環(huán)境、經濟社會效益與智能化技術與裝備的深入融合發(fā)展。
 
　　河北農業(yè)大學機電工程學院教授、農業(yè)工程系主任、國家蘋果產業(yè)技術體系機械化研究室主任楊欣表示，智能果園裝備是“智慧果園”重要技術載體，未來的智能果園將融合物聯網、大數據、云計算、AI等技術，實現果園生產管理的機械化、自動化、智能化、機器人化。
 
　　蔥、姜、山藥、甜菜等特色根莖類作物在我們的餐桌上也必不可少。在青島農業(yè)大學機電工程學院院長、國際田間試驗機械化協(xié)會主席尚書旗看來，特色根莖類作物生產需要走一條“機械化+信息化融合”之路。一方面，充分利用互聯網，通過信息化的技術平臺，服務于我國農業(yè)領域。同時，要保障農業(yè)機械化、信息化的發(fā)展，需要制度、人才、資金、技術等方面協(xié)作發(fā)力。
 

演示會現場。
 

 

一款開溝機正在進行演示。

機具高質量發(fā)展仍有諸多問題尚待破解
 
　　甘肅素有“千年藥鄉(xiāng)”和“天然藥庫”之稱。2020年，甘肅中藥材生產綜合機械化水平達到43%，初步建立了黃芪、黨參、當歸機械化技術體系和機具系統(tǒng)。但與主要農作物農業(yè)機械化整體水平相比，中藥材生產機械化“剛剛起步”。甘肅省農業(yè)機械化技術推廣總站正高級工程師、中藥材生產機械化團隊首席專家張陸海認為，要因品種制宜、因地制宜、先易后難、逐環(huán)節(jié)(關鍵)突破、成熟一項推廣一項，逐步實現全程機械化。同時，貫徹無公害、綠色、有機、生態(tài)種植和定向培育等新發(fā)展理念，建好機械化示范基地、確定主推技術模式、選準主推機具。
 
　　遼寧省農業(yè)科學院農機所研究員張旭東，期待越來越多的人能夠關注保護性耕作。他建議，大專院校、科研院所、推廣部門應該深入實際，針對保護性耕作的需要，走產學研相結合的路子，不斷創(chuàng)新新的作業(yè)機具，滿足保護性耕作配套機具的所需。同時，針對目前免耕播種機重量過高的實際情況，探究一種先進適用的方式，在滿足作業(yè)的同時，達到真正保護好土壤環(huán)境，實現機具的優(yōu)質高效。
 
　　不論是中草藥機械或是保護性耕作機具，它們都只是我國農機化事業(yè)發(fā)展的一方面。農業(yè)農村部農業(yè)機械化總站站長劉恒新指出，“十四五”時期是我國全面建成小康社會、向第二個百年奮斗目標進軍的第一個五年，也是推進農業(yè)農村現代化和加快農業(yè)機械化轉型升級的戰(zhàn)略機遇期。2018年，國務院發(fā)布的《關于加快推進農業(yè)機械化和農機裝備產業(yè)轉型升級的指導意見》中提出了2025年農業(yè)機械化發(fā)展總目標，其中，全國農作物耕種收綜合機械化率達到75%，任務相當艱巨。農機試驗鑒定和推廣系統(tǒng)要以提高農業(yè)生產質量和效益為目標，以促進農機化轉型升級為主線，以技術和機制創(chuàng)新為動力，以加強隊伍自身建設為抓手，發(fā)揮農業(yè)機械的集成技術，全力以赴推進農業(yè)機械化轉型升級。

上一篇： 農業(yè)農村部：推進茶園有機肥代替化肥，促進茶葉生產綠色發(fā)展

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