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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部：逐步將更多符合條件的秸稈還田機械納入全國補貼范圍

2021-09-28 16:02:26 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：31810 評論

導讀：土地是地球上珍貴的土壤資源，是一種性狀好、肥力高、適宜農(nóng)耕的優(yōu)質土地。多年來，國家高度重視黑土地保護工作，出臺一系列重大政策措施，推動黑土地保護進程。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 黑土地是地球上珍貴的土壤資源，是一種性狀好、肥力高、適宜農(nóng)耕的優(yōu)質土地。多年來，國家高度重視黑土地保護工作，出臺一系列重大政策措施，推動黑土地保護進程。
 
　　2021年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部會同國家發(fā)展改革委、財政部、水利部、科技部、中國科學院、國家林草局等6部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)《國家黑土地保護工程實施方案(2021—2025年)》(以下簡稱《實施方案》)，加強部門間分工協(xié)作，共同推動《實施方案》落實落地。同時，積極加強宣傳引導，多渠道宣傳黑土地可持續(xù)保護利用的重大意義、措施成效，營造全社會關心黑土地、保護黑土地的良好氛圍。
 
　　近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部網(wǎng)站發(fā)布對十三屆全國人大四次會議第10058號建議的答復，針對代表提出的“加大對黑土地保護力度”的建議作出答復。
 
　　答復中表示，黑土地保護是一項系統(tǒng)工程，需要強化規(guī)劃引導、加強組織領導、統(tǒng)籌力量、持續(xù)推進。2017年，經(jīng)國務院同意，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部與國家發(fā)展改革委會同相關部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)《東北黑土地保護規(guī)劃綱要(2017—2030年)》，提出到2030年，集中連片、整體推進，實施黑土地保護面積2.5億畝，基本覆蓋主要黑土區(qū)耕地。2020年，經(jīng)國務院同意，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部與財政部聯(lián)合印發(fā)《東北黑土地保護性耕作行動計劃(2020—2025年)》，提出力爭到2025年，實施保護性耕作面積1.4億畝，占東北地區(qū)適宜區(qū)域耕地總面積的70%左右。2021年印發(fā)的《實施方案》提出2021—2025年實施黑土地保護利用面積1億畝，基本構建形成持續(xù)推進黑土地保護利用的長效機制。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示，近年來會同財政部等有關部門積極推動黑土地保護與利用政策落實落地。一是大力實施東北黑土地保護利用項目。2015年起，中央財政累計安排專項資金在東北4省(區(qū))開展黑土地保護利用項目1050萬畝。重點推廣以秸稈還田、增施有機肥、深松深耕黑土流失控制等技術為主的綜合治理措施。二是大力支持秸稈還田。2017年，啟動“東北地區(qū)秸稈處理行動”，每年安排秸稈試點資金支持東北4省(區(qū))開展農(nóng)用優(yōu)先的秸稈綜合利用試點，發(fā)布東北高寒區(qū)玉米秸稈深翻養(yǎng)地模式、秸—飼—肥種養(yǎng)結合模式、秸—沼—肥等技術模式，推動秸稈機械粉碎還田、養(yǎng)畜過腹還田、生物腐熟還田，推廣穗莖兼收式玉米收獲機，有效減少秸稈拋灑還田打包收獲時含土率過高問題。三是深入開展測土配方施肥。強化農(nóng)戶調查、取土化驗、田間試驗、配方制定、數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)等測土配方施肥基礎工作，加強大數(shù)據(jù)管理與開發(fā)應用，支撐化肥減量增效。四是開展畜禽糞污資源化利用。近年來，中央財政安排資金，在東北3省的63個畜牧大縣實施畜禽糞污資源化利用整縣推進項目，支持規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場和第三方處理中心畜禽糞污處理、利用等設施建設，加快構建種養(yǎng)循環(huán)發(fā)展機制，促進畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用，不斷提高有機肥替代化肥比例。五是推進耕地輪作休耕。2016年起，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部與相關部門逐步實施耕地輪作休耕制度試點，在東北黑土區(qū)重點推廣以玉米與大豆輪作為主的種植模式，試點面積5600萬畝；在黑龍江三江平原井灌稻區(qū)開展休耕，試點面積340萬畝。2020年，繼續(xù)支持東北4省(區(qū))集成推廣耕地輪作技術模式，推進常態(tài)化制度化實施。
 
　　下一步，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部將會同有關部門，加快推進落實《實施方案》要求的土壤侵蝕防治、農(nóng)田基礎設施建設、肥沃耕作層培育、黑土耕地質量監(jiān)測評價等措施，根據(jù)秸稈還田實際需要，進一步發(fā)揮農(nóng)機購置補貼政策的功能作用，逐步將更多符合條件的秸稈還田機械納入全國補貼范圍，持續(xù)強化對農(nóng)業(yè)綠色生產(chǎn)的裝備支撐，推進黑土地保護利用取得新成效。
 
　　在加大資金投入方面，2021年，中央財政通過農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展資金和農(nóng)業(yè)資源及生態(tài)保護補助資金，積極支持黑土地保護利用工作。一是大力實施東北黑土地保護性耕作行動計劃，在適宜區(qū)域推廣應用秸稈覆蓋免(少)耕播種等關鍵技術，實施面積擴大到7000萬畝。二是繼續(xù)支持40個縣推進東北黑土地保護利用試點工作，集中展示一批黑土地保護利用綜合治理模式。三是全面實施秸稈綜合利用行動，實施整縣集中推進。四是將秸稈粉碎還田機等機具納入農(nóng)機購置補貼范圍，對暫不在補貼范圍的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品、成套設施裝備，可通過農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品試點、農(nóng)機專項鑒定等渠道按程序納入補貼。五是支持東北地區(qū)實施耕地地力保護補貼，探索補貼發(fā)放與耕地地力保護行為相掛鉤的有效機制，引導農(nóng)民自覺保護耕地、提升地力。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部。

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