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連續(xù)陰雨天氣如何如何高質(zhì)量收獲玉米、種好小麥？

2021-10-14 11:00:28 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：28179 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近日北方多省份遭遇連續(xù)陰雨天氣，為秋收秋種帶來一定困難。以河北省為例，目前河北部分地塊有積水，個(gè)別玉米田因積水不能排出，已枯死；還有些地塊目前還處于不同程度的積水中，如果不能及時(shí)排出，勢必影響今年小麥播種。對此，河北省相關(guān)部門提出應(yīng)對技術(shù)措施。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 近日北方多省份遭遇連續(xù)陰雨天氣，為秋收秋種帶來一定困難。以河北省為例，目前河北部分地塊有積水，個(gè)別玉米田因積水不能排出，已枯死；還有些地塊目前還處于不同程度的積水中，如果不能及時(shí)排出，勢必影響今年小麥播種。對此，河北省相關(guān)部門提出應(yīng)對技術(shù)措施。
 
　　秋收方面，針對不同地塊、不同受災(zāi)程度，采取相應(yīng)措施做好玉米收獲，確保糧食顆粒歸倉。
 
　　1、盡快排出田間積水。對有積水的玉米田，各鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))村要配合相關(guān)部門對河道、干渠、支渠迅速進(jìn)行修復(fù)、清淤、疏通，同時(shí)調(diào)動(dòng)一切可以調(diào)動(dòng)的排灌設(shè)備，投入到排澇戰(zhàn)斗中。
 
　　2、引進(jìn)購置履帶式收割機(jī)。目前普通輪式玉米收割機(jī)進(jìn)地作業(yè)困難，采取措施組織引進(jìn)外地或者購進(jìn)履帶式籽粒玉米收割機(jī)，促進(jìn)機(jī)械收獲。
 
　　3、及時(shí)人工搶收。對于積水嚴(yán)重地塊，收割機(jī)不能進(jìn)地作業(yè)，尤其土壤粘重地塊，已經(jīng)成熟的玉米，如果不及時(shí)收獲會造成倒伏、穗腐等，要發(fā)動(dòng)人工及時(shí)搶收。
 
　　4、搞好果穗存放減少霉變。由于果穗水分過大，收獲后的玉米果穗堆放時(shí)要及時(shí)翻晾，減少霉變腐爛，有條件的，要及時(shí)脫粒、烘干。
 
　　播種方面，1.做好田間秸稈處理，對田間濕度過大，特別是有積水的地塊，盡量將秸稈清理出田外，及時(shí)散墑，能夠秸稈還田地塊要做到精細(xì)粉碎、確保還田質(zhì)量。
 
　　2.利用晴好天氣抓緊晾墑散墑，已經(jīng)收獲的地塊，農(nóng)機(jī)能夠進(jìn)地時(shí)及時(shí)翻耕晾田散墑，降低土壤含水量。
 
　　3.精細(xì)整地，待表墑適宜時(shí)，土壤相對含水量降至70-80%，“手握土團(tuán)、落地即散”時(shí)，進(jìn)行耙耢，破碎坷垃，平整土地。
 
　　4.晚播適當(dāng)加大播量，今年小麥播期比常年推遲，要適當(dāng)加大播量，提高播種質(zhì)量，10月15日以后播種在原來每畝播量25-30斤基礎(chǔ)上，每晚播一天增加1斤播種量，爭取在10月30日前完成播種，對于目前田間有積水整地困難的地塊待墑情適宜時(shí)再整地播種，最晚到11月中旬還可以播種，每畝播量控制在45斤以下。今年小麥播種注意不要過深，以3厘米左右為宜，以利于苗齊、苗勻。
 
　　5.預(yù)防病蟲害，土壤濕度過大容易誘發(fā)病害發(fā)生，要做好種子包衣、拌種，預(yù)防莖基腐病、紋枯病等土傳或種傳病害以及地下蟲害。
 
　　6.播后適墑鎮(zhèn)壓，播種后待土壤表墑適宜時(shí)進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)壓，掌握壓干不壓濕，以免發(fā)生土壤板結(jié)，通過鎮(zhèn)壓踏實(shí)土壤，增加種子與土壤的緊密度利于出苗和預(yù)防冬季凍害。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：河北省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳。

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