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打好種業(yè)翻身仗，全國農(nóng)業(yè)優(yōu)異種質(zhì)資源近日發(fā)布

2021-11-24 16:26:45 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：40534 評論

導(dǎo)讀：11月23日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就全國農(nóng)業(yè)優(yōu)異種質(zhì)資源及資源普查進展情況召開新聞發(fā)布會。會上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種業(yè)管理司副司長孫好勤介紹了今年3月啟動的新中國歷史上規(guī)模最大的農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源普查相關(guān)情況。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源是國家戰(zhàn)略性資源，事關(guān)種業(yè)振興全局。新形勢下開展全國性的農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源普查，加快摸清資源家底、實施搶救性收集保護、發(fā)掘一批優(yōu)異新資源，已成為實現(xiàn)種業(yè)科技自立自強、種源自主可控的一項緊迫任務(wù)，對打好種業(yè)翻身仗、推進種業(yè)振興意義重大。
 
　　黨中央、國務(wù)院高度重視種質(zhì)資源工作。今年中央一號文件和《政府工作報告》明確把加強種質(zhì)資源保護利用列為重點工作。3月23日，全國農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源普查電視電話會議召開，會議指出，做好農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源普查和保護是打好種業(yè)翻身仗的第一仗。7月9日，習(xí)近平總書記主持中央深改委第二十次會議，強調(diào)要打牢種質(zhì)資源基礎(chǔ)，做好資源普查收集、鑒定評價工作，切實保護好、利用好。中央印發(fā)的種業(yè)振興行動方案將農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源保護列為首要行動，把種質(zhì)資源普查作為種業(yè)振興“一年開好頭、三年打基礎(chǔ)”的首要任務(wù)。
 
　　11月23日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就全國農(nóng)業(yè)優(yōu)異種質(zhì)資源及資源普查進展情況召開新聞發(fā)布會。會上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種業(yè)管理司副司長孫好勤介紹了今年3月啟動的新中國歷史上規(guī)模最大的農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源普查相關(guān)情況。
 
　　孫好勤表示，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部認真貫徹落實黨中央、國務(wù)院決策部署，在有關(guān)部門的大力支持下，在全國啟動了農(nóng)作物、畜禽和水產(chǎn)種質(zhì)資源普查，組織規(guī)模之大、覆蓋范圍之廣、技術(shù)要求之高、參與人員之多，都是歷史上沒有過的。重點從四個方面入手：一是強化統(tǒng)一部署。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)了全國農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源普查工作方案，從今年起，利用3年時間，全面完成農(nóng)作物、畜禽和水產(chǎn)資源普查，摸清資源的種類、數(shù)量、分布和性狀等家底，搶救性收集保護一批珍稀、瀕危、特有資源，實現(xiàn)應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)保盡保。二是強化上下聯(lián)動。部里成立了資源普查工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，分別設(shè)立農(nóng)作物、畜禽、水產(chǎn)普查工作辦公室和技術(shù)專家組。各省份也成立了相應(yīng)的組織?？h級進一步加強力量配備，確保全國一盤棋部署、一體化推進。三是強化科技支撐。這次普查專業(yè)性、技術(shù)性都很強，全國自上而下組織了多種形式的技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，累計培訓(xùn)超過300萬人次。充分運用信息化手段，開通了普查網(wǎng)站，研發(fā)了信息系統(tǒng)PC端和手機APP，有效提高普查效率和精準(zhǔn)性。四是強化調(diào)度指導(dǎo)。建立了月調(diào)度制度，及時通報普查工作進展。部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)帶隊赴黑龍江、海南、西藏、青海等地方開展調(diào)研指導(dǎo)，中國工程院劉旭院士帶領(lǐng)專家組，先后赴吉林、甘肅、云南等10省區(qū)市巡回指導(dǎo)。各地也加大督促力度，推動普查落實落地。
 
　　孫好勤介紹，截至目前，農(nóng)作物種質(zhì)資源方面已全部完成共2323個縣的普查與征集，畜禽方面行政村普查覆蓋率達到97.6%，水產(chǎn)方面普查覆蓋率超過95%，普查工作取得了階段性成效。一是發(fā)現(xiàn)了一大批新資源。新收集農(nóng)作物種質(zhì)資源2.08萬份，新發(fā)現(xiàn)鑒定畜禽遺傳資源18個，新收集水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖種質(zhì)資源3萬余份。這些資源有的年代久遠、有的珍稀瀕危、有的承載了農(nóng)耕文明和傳統(tǒng)文化，特別是填補了青藏高原畜禽遺傳資源普查的空白。水產(chǎn)普查也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一批地方特色資源。二是搶救保護了一批珍稀資源。新采集豬、馬、牛、羊、鹿、駱駝等6大畜種的遺傳材料5萬份。中山麻鴨、上海水牛等瀕臨滅絕品種，在這次普查中重新發(fā)現(xiàn)并得到妥善保護，這進一步堅定了我們做好普查工作的信心和決心，也是這次普查中重大的收獲。值得高興的是，從今年開始，中央財政新增資金1.15億元，用于保護159個國家級畜禽遺傳資源，這些資源“國寶”從此也有穩(wěn)定的口糧了。各地也加大了普查保護投入力度。三是國家級種質(zhì)資源庫建設(shè)取得重要進展。目前，國家農(nóng)作物種質(zhì)資源庫已于9月份完成建設(shè)并投入試運行，國家畜禽種質(zhì)資源庫7月份已批準(zhǔn)立項，國家海洋漁業(yè)生物種質(zhì)資源庫10月份已正式投入運行。此外，國家農(nóng)業(yè)微生物種質(zhì)資源庫升級改造有關(guān)工作也開始啟動。這些都是我國農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源長期戰(zhàn)略保存的重要設(shè)施，是“國之重器”。
 
　　近期，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部組織專家分別遴選出10大農(nóng)作物、10大畜禽、10大水產(chǎn)優(yōu)異資源，今天予以發(fā)布。農(nóng)作物10大優(yōu)異種質(zhì)資源有：莊紅貢米、濮陽莛子麥、珍珠玉米、海蘿卜、芹菜、維西糯山藥、芮棗、大果型野生獼猴桃、達川烏梅、永興棉花；畜禽10大優(yōu)異種質(zhì)資源有：查吾拉牦牛、帕米爾牦牛、涼山黑綿羊、瑪格綿羊、崗巴綿羊、霍爾巴綿羊、多瑪綿羊、蘇格綿羊、澤庫羊、阿克雞；水產(chǎn)10大優(yōu)異種質(zhì)資源有：長江刀魚、鱇浪白魚、中華鳑鲏、黑斑原鮡、黃唇魚、黃鰭金槍魚、錦繡龍蝦、中華圓田螺、中華鱟、紅毛菜。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源普查保護時間緊迫、責(zé)任重大。普查工作在各級黨委政府、有關(guān)部門、相關(guān)單位、普查隊員的共同努力下，在廣大農(nóng)牧民的積極參與下，克服疫情、自然災(zāi)害等不利因素，取得了積極進展，并為下步工作打下良好基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部。

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