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【農機小課堂】冬季拖拉機保養(yǎng)要點
2021-12-17
16:16:26
來源:農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:41044
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導讀: 入冬前,要對拖拉機各部位進行除垢、清洗、調整和潤滑,氣門間隙過大過小、噴油壓力不夠、供油時間過晚都會造成發(fā)動機啟動困難
【
農機網 熱點關注】 冬季氣溫低,尤其是北方地區(qū)降雪寒冷,
拖拉機如果不能正確存放、保養(yǎng),再次使用時故障率會增加。做好拖拉機日常保養(yǎng)工作是使用拖拉機的一項重要措施,及時保養(yǎng)是拖拉機順利開展作業(yè)得前提條件
入冬前,要對拖拉機各部位進行除垢、清洗、調整和潤滑,氣門間隙過大過小、噴油壓力不夠、供油時間過晚都會造成
發(fā)動機啟動困難。此外,還要對
離合器、制動器和操縱機構進行調整,確保拖拉機處于良好的技術狀態(tài),為過冬打下良好的基礎。
1、存放。有車庫是最好的,如果沒有,拖拉機要停在避風處,加裝保溫被等。冷啟動時,解除或切斷發(fā)動機與其他工作機件負荷,預熱油底殼機油,有的還需要預熱變速箱或后橋。啟動時視情況可以踩下離合器啟動,解除變速箱阻力。
2、電瓶。如果停駛時間長,電瓶應拆卸,入庫保溫。一般蓄電池的使用壽命是三年,入冬時,最好提前更換,以防誤事。
3、冷卻水。未加防凍液的拖拉機,氣溫在4℃及其以下時,夜間停車和長時間熄火停放時,都應將發(fā)動機內冷卻水放盡。在放冷卻水時,要待水溫降到60℃以下時再放水,否則,容易造成機體或缸蓋等損壞。
4、機油、柴油的選擇。 拖拉機使用的柴油牌號根據當地氣溫而定:一般最低氣溫在0至-5℃,則選用-10號柴油;最低氣溫在-10至-15℃,選用-20號柴油;當最低氣溫不低于-30℃,選用-35號柴油;當最低氣溫在-40℃左右的高寒區(qū),應當選用-50號柴油。發(fā)動機冬季使用的機油粘度大,給潤滑和啟動帶來困難,所以應換上8號柴油機油;變速箱和后橋內潤滑油,應換上11號柴油機油,或者換上20號齒輪油。
5、預熱。嚴寒季節(jié),拖拉機經常會啟動困難,因此,啟動前要預熱。首先用80~90℃左右的熱水預熱機體。第一次不能用太熱的水,以免機體、缸蓋等部位正冷驟然遇高溫而被炸裂。加水時,打開放水開關,采用邊加熱水邊放水的方法,直到機體放水閥流出溫水為止,關上放水閥,加滿開水。氣溫特別寒冷時,還要對機油進行預熱。把停車時放出的油底殼內的機油盛在容器內用熱水加溫后再注入油底殼,并搖轉曲軸數十圈,使各部分得到潤滑后再啟動。嚴禁用明火烘烤發(fā)動機。
此外,還應定期檢查機車。每月檢查拖拉機及零部件有無銹蝕、腐蝕、老化、變形等異?,F(xiàn)象,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題應及時排除;每兩個月應轉動發(fā)動機曲軸 10~15 轉,以防止內部銹蝕。在需加注潤滑脂的潤滑部位,清除舊的潤滑脂,更換新的潤滑脂;每三個月應將拖拉機啟動低速行駛 20~30分鐘,檢查各部位有無不正常的現(xiàn)象;定期用干布擦拭蓄電池頂面灰塵,蓄電池即使不使用也會自行放電,根據蓄電池上指示燈情況,需充電時必須充電。
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