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補短板、強弱項，專家解讀林果業(yè)機械化未來發(fā)展

2022-07-07 10:16:31 來源：果蔬茶機械分會 閱讀量：19129 評論

導(dǎo)讀：7月4日上午，林果業(yè)機械化“補短板、強弱項”發(fā)展論壇在2022新疆農(nóng)業(yè)機械博覽會期間舉行。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 會展快訊】本次論壇由中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會、新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團農(nóng)業(yè)機械化協(xié)會主辦，石河子大學(xué)、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)機械化技術(shù)推廣總站、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)會、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)機流通協(xié)會協(xié)辦，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會果蔬茶機械分會承辦，邀請了5位建樹頗豐、享有盛譽的專家共同探討，研究解決行業(yè)問題。
 
　　近年來我國林果業(yè)發(fā)展較為迅猛，在新疆如此，在全國也是如此，各式各樣的果品產(chǎn)銷兩旺，包括此前的一些奇花異果也走入尋常百姓之家，成為新的消費熱點。但是，林果業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式轉(zhuǎn)變、產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效，還存在一些問題和制約。
 
　　正如中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會副秘書長、果蔬茶機械分會秘書長苑同寶在致辭中所講到的那樣，目前我國林果業(yè)面臨了一些矛盾，比如林果和糧食用地之間的矛盾，老果園和新模式之間的矛盾，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)模式之間的矛盾。未來一段時間內(nèi)，林果不能與糧食爭地，更多地要回到上山下灘(丘陵地、河灘地)的情況，宜機化條件相對平原來說更加復(fù)雜化，機械化生產(chǎn)還有很長的路要走。林果苗木定植以后一般要滿足10-15年左右的經(jīng)營預(yù)期，老果園建園之初的設(shè)計思路是勞動密集型的，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到機械化為主導(dǎo)的階段。新果園全新設(shè)計、一步到位，但是低矮郁閉老果園的改造難度很大，間伐提干是好辦法，但是種植群體接受起來、行動起來還需要一些時間?，F(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)是資本密集、知識密集的生產(chǎn)方式，智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、智能裝備的廣泛應(yīng)用需要資本實力和知識水平，種植群體的小農(nóng)戶壓力很大，很容易出現(xiàn)跟不上節(jié)奏的問題。如何帶動小農(nóng)戶共同進入現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展軌道，需要農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)等多種措施并舉發(fā)力，還需要進一步研究落地推進的策略。林果業(yè)機械化如何補短板、強弱項，是當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)過程的重要課題。
 
　　青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機電工程學(xué)院尚書旗教授演講的題目是智慧果園機械化關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與產(chǎn)業(yè)化模式創(chuàng)新。他介紹了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對智慧果園機械的要求，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與果園生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的融合構(gòu)建，智能化與全程機械化資源的優(yōu)化配置，套袋、觸土件、傾斜攝影技術(shù)、采摘平臺等技術(shù)的進展，以及智慧果園產(chǎn)業(yè)化模式的創(chuàng)新和體系的創(chuàng)建，為智慧果園的發(fā)展指明了一條具有可行性的道路。他的系統(tǒng)化的思考，尤其引起了大家的共鳴。
 
　　中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)院徐麗明教授演講的題目是北方露地栽培葡萄的冬季埋土、春季清土一體化技術(shù)，讓聽眾了解了露地葡萄“冬眠”和之后“復(fù)蘇”的技術(shù)要點。她介紹了國家葡萄產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系生產(chǎn)管理機械化團隊在避障刷子清土機、開溝筑埂機、避障式株間除草技術(shù)、殘枝粉碎還田技術(shù)、埋土鎮(zhèn)壓一體機械化技術(shù)、砂石撿拾收集機械化技術(shù)、自動駕駛變量噴藥技術(shù)等方面取得的成果，并表示5G技術(shù)、機器人、自主導(dǎo)航、無人駕駛、大數(shù)據(jù)、云平臺等新技術(shù)的融入是葡萄生產(chǎn)自動化、智能化的未來發(fā)展趨勢。
 
　　中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)無人機系統(tǒng)研究院何雄奎教授講解了智慧果園的構(gòu)建和應(yīng)用。他介紹了國外智慧果園中傳感器、仿形技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域的最新進展，表示由于林果業(yè)涉及作物種類繁多，各地果園立地條件不一，量體裁衣的個性化定制模式是我國果園機械化未來發(fā)展的方向。從何雄奎教授的演講中聽眾了解了國內(nèi)自2000年左右直至現(xiàn)在的技術(shù)進展，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、5G、大數(shù)據(jù)和自組網(wǎng)等技術(shù)目前已進入現(xiàn)代果園，并取得了一定的示范帶動作用。
 
　　西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)機械與電子工程學(xué)院楊福增教授演講的題目是蘋果采摘機器人關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究和果園驗證。楊福增教授對坡地、山地農(nóng)機以及智能農(nóng)機和多體機器人技術(shù)都有非常前沿的研究并且成果頗豐，帶領(lǐng)團隊實現(xiàn)的視覺系統(tǒng)、采摘模式、控制方式、算法升級等蘋果采摘機器人關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進展令聽眾神往不已。
 
　　石河子大學(xué)機械電氣工程學(xué)院蒙賀偉教授講解了機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備助推林果產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。通過蒙賀偉教授的演講，聽眾了解了新疆林果產(chǎn)業(yè)基本情況、典型區(qū)域種植模式、各類果園機械特點以及相關(guān)研究工作進展。他強調(diào)了標準化建園的重要性，正是由于果園建設(shè)標準化，為果園機械化提供了條件，進而促使果園機械化成為當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)機械化的熱點和潛力增長點。
 
　　當(dāng)前，林果業(yè)在我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的重要性不言而喻。在促進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方面，林果業(yè)猶如擎天玉柱；在保持脫貧成果、保障農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收方面，林果業(yè)好比架海金梁。中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會高度重視林果業(yè)機械化，專門成立了果蔬茶機械分會。近年來，從“云上”和線下的農(nóng)機地頭展、農(nóng)機云講堂和線下的講座論壇，到協(xié)會主辦的中國國際農(nóng)業(yè)機械展覽會上設(shè)立的果蔬茶機械專區(qū)，無不說明協(xié)會和分會在此方面大量卓有成效的工作。協(xié)會下一步將繼續(xù)開展此方面的相關(guān)工作，在10月份將于天津舉辦的2022中國國際農(nóng)業(yè)機械展覽會上，林果業(yè)機械的展覽展示和會議活動也將為濃墨重彩的一筆。
 

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