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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機化總站開展花生機械化推進活動與機收測評

2022-10-12 10:14:16 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化總站經(jīng)作機械處 閱讀量：20363 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近期，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機化總站結(jié)合重點省份的花生全程機械化現(xiàn)場演示會和有關(guān)企業(yè)的花生收獲機推廣鑒定工作。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】近期，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機化總站結(jié)合重點省份的花生全程機械化現(xiàn)場演示會和有關(guān)企業(yè)的花生收獲機推廣鑒定工作，組織開展了花生機械化推進活動與機收測評。
 
　　花生生產(chǎn)全程機械化推進活動
 
　　9月29日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化專家指導(dǎo)組花生專業(yè)組在組長農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機械化研究所胡志超研究員的帶領(lǐng)下，觀摩了2022年河南省花生全程機械化現(xiàn)場演示會，開展了調(diào)研指導(dǎo)。河北、山東、河南等花生主產(chǎn)省份農(nóng)機部門代表、河南省各市縣農(nóng)機推廣人員、花生機具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)代表以及當(dāng)?shù)睾献魃绯蓡T等約100余人參加了現(xiàn)場演示活動，在田間地頭與專家組進行了交流互動，有力地推進了我國北方花生生產(chǎn)全程機械化。
 
現(xiàn)場會開幕式
 
　　推進活動與現(xiàn)場演示會充分展示了河南省上蔡縣作為全國花生種植大縣和花生生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范縣的成效。上蔡縣現(xiàn)有花生收獲機2100余臺，耕種收綜合機械化率達98%，優(yōu)質(zhì)花生種植面積突破42萬畝，預(yù)計年產(chǎn)量超過13萬噸，全縣花生產(chǎn)業(yè)呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展，有力地確保了糧油產(chǎn)能和食用植物油料供給安全。
 
　　在河南省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心劉曉文主任的組織下，來自全國主要花生機具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的花生挖掘機、花生撿拾收獲機、花生聯(lián)合收獲機、秸稈還田機、深松整地機、花生播種機、無人植保機等近20臺套花生生產(chǎn)全程機械化配套機具在上蔡縣黃埠鎮(zhèn)小王營村的萬畝連片規(guī)模種植花生田里進行了作業(yè)演示。
 
現(xiàn)場作業(yè)演示
 
花生挖掘機作業(yè)
 
花生撿拾收獲機作業(yè)
 
　　胡志超研究員強調(diào)，上蔡縣花生全程機械化先進經(jīng)驗形成了可供全國借鑒推廣的模式，此次演示現(xiàn)場會提供了一個很好的學(xué)習(xí)交流平臺。專家組將根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機化司的統(tǒng)一部署，在農(nóng)機化總站的組織下，指導(dǎo)各地統(tǒng)籌糧食和油料協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，加快花生生產(chǎn)機械化全程全面高質(zhì)高效發(fā)展，有力支撐花生產(chǎn)業(yè)健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，為我國食用植物油供應(yīng)安全做出應(yīng)有的貢獻。
 
花生收獲機作業(yè)效果測評
 
　　今年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機化總站經(jīng)作機械處承擔(dān)了山東巨明機械有限公司4HJL-3A型自走式花生撿拾收獲機的推廣鑒定項目。9月25日，結(jié)合項目實施，在山東淄博開展了特定條件下的花生收獲機作業(yè)效果測評工作。
 
取樣檢測
 
　　測評結(jié)果顯示，黏性土壤對花生收獲質(zhì)量造成很大影響。黏性土壤緊緊包裹著花生莢果，經(jīng)過滾筒釘齒擊打與振動篩振動，土壤與花生莢果分離，堅硬的黏性土塊與花生莢果在比重上接近，混在莢果中難以分離，造成含雜率過大。試驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)，提高作業(yè)速度，增大滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速，提高土塊粉碎度，可以降低含雜率，但破碎率也會隨之增加。黏性土壤條件下的花生機械收獲是亟待解決的一大難題。
 

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