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農(nóng)機所在遂溪縣建立的秸稈綜合利用 科技特派員示范基地初見成效

2022-11-25 08:35:21 來源：中國熱科院農(nóng)機所 閱讀量：16978 評論

導讀：近日，中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究所甘蔗劍麻生產(chǎn)機械化團隊聯(lián)合遂溪縣創(chuàng)益種養(yǎng)專業(yè)合作社和湛江邦源農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社在遂溪縣北坡鎮(zhèn)建立秸稈利用科技特派員示范基地。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】近日，為貫徹落實廣東省委、省政府關(guān)于農(nóng)村科技特派員工作部署，牢固樹立綠色發(fā)展理念，將秸稈綜合利用與防治大氣污染、發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)和實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的要求緊密結(jié)合，中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究所(以下簡稱“農(nóng)機所”)甘蔗劍麻生產(chǎn)機械化團隊聯(lián)合遂溪縣創(chuàng)益種養(yǎng)專業(yè)合作社和湛江邦源農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社在遂溪縣北坡鎮(zhèn)建立秸稈利用科技特派員示范基地。
 
　　農(nóng)民群眾焚燒秸稈不但浪費作物資源，而且造成大氣污染，甚至因為防火不當，造成附近農(nóng)作物損失，引起鄰里矛盾。推進秸稈綜合利用，既可以有效緩解大氣環(huán)境污染問題，又可以增加農(nóng)民群眾收益。農(nóng)機所在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項等項目支持下，通過優(yōu)化關(guān)鍵部件，開展熱帶秸稈廢棄物收集共性技術(shù)研發(fā)，創(chuàng)新集成了甘蔗葉、香蕉、水稻等秸稈還田離田不同系列化裝備，集成了廢棄秸稈肥料化、材料化、能源化、飼料化、基質(zhì)化等綜合利用技術(shù)。
 
　　農(nóng)機所聯(lián)合遂溪縣創(chuàng)益種養(yǎng)專業(yè)合作社建立秸稈收集轉(zhuǎn)運示范基地，采用圓草捆打捆機、切割揉碎方捆壓捆機、轉(zhuǎn)運裝卸旋轉(zhuǎn)抓草機、輪式抓子旋轉(zhuǎn)裝卸機和轉(zhuǎn)運車等裝備，將廢棄在田間的水稻稈、甘蔗葉、玉米稈等秸稈收集轉(zhuǎn)運，根據(jù)不同作物秸稈和條件，選擇不同裝備組合，打造高效快速的“收集+打捆(方捆或圓捆)+裝車+轉(zhuǎn)運+卸車”裝備技術(shù)，結(jié)合農(nóng)機作業(yè)智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，可遠程監(jiān)督作業(yè)軌跡和作業(yè)面積，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)機作業(yè)的精準化在線管理，實現(xiàn)了遠程智能調(diào)度和監(jiān)督管理。打捆離田后的秸稈制作飼料、肥料和食用菌基質(zhì)，也可用于火龍果、檸檬等果園裸露土壤覆蓋，具有培肥、保水、穩(wěn)溫、滅草、免耕、省工和防止土壤流失等多種效應，進而提高作物產(chǎn)量和改善品質(zhì)，至10月底已完成秸稈收集轉(zhuǎn)運1300多畝，11月15日協(xié)辦了遂溪縣廢棄秸稈機械化回收作業(yè)演示現(xiàn)場會，得到湛江市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、遂溪縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局和各鎮(zhèn)領(lǐng)導的充分肯定。
 
　　針對遂溪縣大量種植青貯玉米，農(nóng)機所聯(lián)合湛江邦源農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社在遂溪縣北坡鎮(zhèn)建立了青貯玉米飼料化示范基地，主要采用自走式青貯飼料聯(lián)合收獲機、青貯打捆包膜機、夾包機等裝備，自走式青貯飼料聯(lián)合收獲機收集集中后青貯打捆包膜機進行密封打包，每包約500公斤，目前已完成青貯玉米2萬畝飼料化包膜，供應周邊養(yǎng)牛場。
 
　　農(nóng)機所將依托科技特派員示范基地，推廣秸稈綜合利用的新機具、新技術(shù)、新辦法，推進科技合作，培育壯大秸稈綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)，助推農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展。
 
圖1 秸稈離田打捆作業(yè)
 
圖2 離田秸稈覆蓋果園土壤
 
圖3 遂溪縣廢棄秸稈機械化回收現(xiàn)場會
 
圖4 青貯飼料

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