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國四排放農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品100問-農(nóng)機(jī)整機(jī)篇

2023-01-10 09:01:23 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)家峰會 閱讀量：20174 評論

導(dǎo)讀：和國三產(chǎn)品相比，國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品在結(jié)構(gòu)（外觀）上有哪些變化，用戶如何識別？

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】為積極回應(yīng)社會和廣大用戶的關(guān)切，更好地推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)國四排放法規(guī)的實(shí)施，中國農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)家峰會組織編寫了《國四排放農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品100問》手冊，意在普及國四排放農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的法規(guī)和知識，對排放升級中大家關(guān)心的問題答疑解惑，便于農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、農(nóng)機(jī)經(jīng)銷商、農(nóng)機(jī)使用者以及基層農(nóng)機(jī)管理人員進(jìn)一步了解和認(rèn)識國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品，更好地開展相關(guān)工作。
 
　　四、農(nóng)機(jī)整機(jī)篇
 
　　40、和國三產(chǎn)品相比，國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品在結(jié)構(gòu)（外觀）上有哪些變化，用戶如何識別？
 
　　答：(1)機(jī)械環(huán)保信息標(biāo)簽：達(dá)到國家GB 20891-2014第四階段排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及機(jī)械環(huán)保代碼。
 
　　(2)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品銘牌：型號帶有(G4)的是由原來國三升級成國四的產(chǎn)品，未帶(G4)一般是新開發(fā)或結(jié)構(gòu)性能有明顯改進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品。
 
　　(3)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)銘牌：后處理裝置類型和限值階段：非道路中國第四階段產(chǎn)品。
 
　　(4)50馬力以上拖拉機(jī)增加了柴油機(jī)的后處理裝置和后處理裝置的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、顯示系統(tǒng)、再生操作開關(guān)以及精準(zhǔn)定位系統(tǒng)等。
 
　?、貳GR+DOC+DPF技術(shù)路線，后處理裝置相對國三的消聲器體積較大并且增加了隔熱罩，儀表上有NCD/PCD燈(駕駛員報(bào)警燈)，再生請求燈、再生狀態(tài)燈等。
 
　?、贒OC+DPF+SCR技術(shù)路線，后處理裝置相對國三的消聲器體積較大并且增加了隔熱罩，有尿素箱，儀表上有NCD/PCD燈(駕駛員報(bào)警燈)，再生請求燈，再生狀態(tài)燈，尿素液位指示等。
 
　　41、怎么確認(rèn)購買的是國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品？
 
　　登錄機(jī)動(dòng)車環(huán)保網(wǎng)(VECC官方網(wǎng)站)，在公眾查詢平臺(https://info.vecc.org.cn/ve/vin/indexf)，輸入機(jī)械環(huán)保代碼和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)編號后六位，就可以查看2017年7月1日后生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械具體為哪個(gè)排放階段的機(jī)械。每臺國四農(nóng)機(jī)都有自己的環(huán)保代碼，且是唯一的身份識別碼。
 
　　42、國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品上市前，應(yīng)經(jīng)過哪些試驗(yàn)、驗(yàn)證，其產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和可靠性有保證嗎？
 
　　答：國四整機(jī)產(chǎn)品上市前經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的試驗(yàn)流程驗(yàn)證其性能與可靠性，其產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和可靠性有保證。國四產(chǎn)品上市必須通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試及田間測試，包括臺架試驗(yàn)、田間試驗(yàn)、高溫、高原(高海拔)和高寒試驗(yàn)，以及可靠性試驗(yàn)，經(jīng)過長期驗(yàn)證可以保證國四產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和可靠性。
 
　　國四整機(jī)試驗(yàn)的主要內(nèi)容

 

　　國四產(chǎn)品主要進(jìn)行的驗(yàn)證大類包括：(1)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率曲線與拖拉機(jī)底盤之間的匹配；(2)后處理系統(tǒng)在不同工況下的尿素結(jié)晶問題、零件自身的耐久問題、再生周期問題等；(3)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在整機(jī)上的合規(guī)驗(yàn)證，比如PEMS、NCD、PCD等；(4)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、整機(jī)、精準(zhǔn)定位系統(tǒng)之間通信問題，以及防拆除驗(yàn)證等。
 
　　43、國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格與國三產(chǎn)品相比每臺成本上升大約多少？成本上升的主要構(gòu)成?
 
　　答：國四產(chǎn)品成本上升幅度受到技術(shù)路線、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、品質(zhì)質(zhì)量、原材料成本及性能升級等多方面因素影響，同時(shí)不同品牌及廠家在產(chǎn)品定位、銷售策略、功能性能等方面的差異，也會影響其成本及銷售價(jià)格，農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品整體成本/價(jià)格會增加10-25%。
 
　　以國產(chǎn)拖拉機(jī)而言，各功率段成本增加大體如下：
 
　　20kW-37kW國四輪式拖拉機(jī)產(chǎn)品成本上升500-2000元左右，成本上升的主要構(gòu)成為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)供油系統(tǒng)及控制系統(tǒng)升級，以及拖拉機(jī)電器系統(tǒng)升級等。
 
　　37kW-102kW國四輪式拖拉機(jī)產(chǎn)品成本上升7000-12000元左右，成本上升的主要構(gòu)成為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)供油系統(tǒng)及控制系統(tǒng)升級，增加EGR+DOC+DPF等后處理裝置，增加中冷器，整機(jī)散熱能力增加及電器系統(tǒng)升級，還有國四升級后必需的精準(zhǔn)定位系統(tǒng)、電器、傳感器等部件等。
 
　　102kW以上國四輪式拖拉機(jī)產(chǎn)品成本上漲約在20000-35000元之間，其中主要因柴油機(jī)后處理增加DOC、DPF、SCR、尿素噴射及尿素箱等部件，還有國四升級后必需的精準(zhǔn)定位系統(tǒng)、電器、傳感器等部件；一些產(chǎn)品發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)改變，也會增加一定成本。
 
　　44、國四產(chǎn)品有哪些技術(shù)優(yōu)勢？
 
　　答：(1)國四的產(chǎn)品排放更低，通過引入PEMS的限值要求，整車排放降低更為明顯；
 
　　(2)隨著發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱效率的提升，國四產(chǎn)品的油耗優(yōu)勢更加明顯。
 
　　(3)國四引入了OBD診斷的要求，故障診斷更加精準(zhǔn)，特別是排放類的故障診斷。
 
　　(4)增加DPF應(yīng)用后，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣噪聲進(jìn)一步降低。
 
　　(5)應(yīng)用低硫柴油，國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的保養(yǎng)周期會延長，保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用降低。
 
　　45、國四農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品在作業(yè)效率方面與國三產(chǎn)品相比，有沒有變化？
 
　　答：僅發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)升級國四排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的農(nóng)機(jī)，作業(yè)效率與國三產(chǎn)品相當(dāng)。
 
　　如果借助升級國四對整機(jī)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，整機(jī)性能和工作效率會有明顯提升。

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