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農機化技術推廣典型案例之創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進水稻機收減損技能大比武

2023-11-15 09:49:03 來源：廣東農技推廣中心 閱讀量：10733 評論

導讀：2021年以來，廣東省農業(yè)技術推廣中心在省農業(yè)農村廳的統(tǒng)一部署下在全國率先組織開展水稻“機收減損”技能大比武活動。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 地方農機】為貫徹落實習近平總書記關于“厲行節(jié)約、反對浪費”重要指示精神和中央有關糧食減損工作部署，2021年以來，廣東省農業(yè)技術推廣中心在省農業(yè)農村廳的統(tǒng)一部署下在全國率先組織開展水稻“機收減損”技能大比武活動，創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，制修訂《廣東省水稻機械化收獲減損技術指引》，強化宣傳推廣，在全社會形成節(jié)約糧食意識，形成可復制可推廣的水稻機收減損推廣模式，堅守糧食安全底線。
 
　　一、基本情況
 
　　廣東省農業(yè)技術推廣中心是省農業(yè)農村廳管理的公益一類副廳級事業(yè)單位，由原省農業(yè)技術推廣總站、省畜牧技術推廣總站、省農業(yè)機械化技術推廣總站、省農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定站、省漁業(yè)技術推廣總站、省海洋漁業(yè)試驗中心等六個事業(yè)單位整合而成，編制 149 人，承擔種植業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、農業(yè)機械化方面的技術示范推廣應用等工作，設有種植業(yè)技術與種業(yè)推廣部、畜牧技術推廣部(廣東省種畜禽質量檢測中心)、漁業(yè)技術推廣部(廣東省海洋漁業(yè)試驗中心)、農業(yè)機械化技術推廣與鑒定部(廣東省農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定站)等職能部門。
 
　　2021年9月10日，習近平總書記在向國際糧食減損大會致賀信指出“糧食安全是事關人類生存的根本性問題，減少糧食損耗是保障糧食安全的重要途徑。”2022年，中辦、國辦印發(fā)《糧食節(jié)約行動方案》明確了“減少田間地頭收獲損耗”的具體要求。農業(yè)農村部專門下發(fā)通知要求將機收減損作為糧食生產機械化工作的重中之重常抓不懈。廣東省委省政府在部署廣東糧食節(jié)約減損具體實施方案中明確提出了“實施水稻機收減損工程”的具體措施，由廣東省農業(yè)農村廳主抓落實。廣東省農業(yè)技術推廣中心主動站位、積極行動，緊緊圍繞省農業(yè)農村廳的工作部署，創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，取得了實實在在的效果。
 
　　二、主要做法
 
　　1、多措并舉，加強指導。影響機收損失的因素很多，因此要推動機收減損工作取得實效，必須要多方聯(lián)動、多措并舉，形成合力共同推進。一是加強技術指導工作。省農業(yè)技術推廣中心充分發(fā)揮人才力量優(yōu)勢，進一步加強農藝、農機技術專家融合，分別組織了農機、農藝與一線“土專家”組成編制小組，深入田間地頭了解農戶、機手對機械化收割水稻存在的問題和難點，多次組織研討，針對廣東晚稻種植品種、秋收氣候環(huán)境等因素，2021年牽頭制定了適用于廣東區(qū)域指導的《水稻機械化收獲減損技術指引(試用)》在全省發(fā)布使用，并于2022年根據(jù)使用反饋意見增加了宜機品種選擇、播種省種、高效種植以及機械烘干減少損失等方面內容，進一步完善修訂，更好地指導全省各地開展水稻機收減損工作。二是做好水稻收割機械使用質量指導。結合開展農機質量調查工作，組織“廣東農技輕騎兵”到田間生產一線，重點對水稻聯(lián)合收割機使用開展質量跟蹤調查和田間收獲損失率調查，2021年-2022年共完成了近100戶收割機使用者質量跟蹤調查，為我省農民朋友選用“良機”提供科學參考。三是多形式組織技術培訓。采用以會配訓、以賽代訓、以賽提技等多種形式對專業(yè)農機手開展培訓工作，針對性強化骨干機手的減損操作技能和職業(yè)素養(yǎng)，三年來全省線上線下共舉辦以水稻機收減損為主要內容的培訓班百余場，培訓農機手和農民超過20000多人。
 
2021年廣東省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動(廣州賽區(qū))
 
　　2、上下聯(lián)動，共同推進。在疫情防控常態(tài)化條件下創(chuàng)新舉措，以“省市聯(lián)動、地市跟進”的形式組織開展水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，2021年至2023年上半年，分別在粵東、粵西、粵北和珠三角不同區(qū)域舉辦24場，各市跟進舉辦近60場。廣東省農業(yè)技術推廣中心帶著技術、資金和專業(yè)技術人員下沉到一線，通過上下聯(lián)動舉辦大比武活動，在基層培養(yǎng)了一批具有節(jié)糧減損操作技能和減損職業(yè)素養(yǎng)的農機操作手，樹立了先進典型，引導廣大農機手在實際生產中牢固樹立“節(jié)糧減損”意識，對促進水稻機收減損工作具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
 
　　3、鏈接資源，加大宣傳。推進水稻機收減損工作的取得實效，宣傳工作必不可少。在組織各類現(xiàn)場活動和大比武活動中，我們主動邀請了南方農村報等媒體作為協(xié)辦單位，全程參與并跟蹤開展活動情況、優(yōu)秀選手事跡報道等工作，在全社會營造關心機收減損、支持機收減損工作的良好氛圍。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，三年來共有南方農村報、廣東省電視臺各市級電視臺、網(wǎng)站和報紙等新聞媒體對水稻機收減損宣傳報道超過百次，相關大比武作業(yè)視頻在快手、抖音、南方+、微視等平臺轉載，累計觀看人次超過200多萬人次。機收減損技術專家在田間技術指導被南方日報、央視第4頻道等媒體采訪報道多次。
 
　　三、取得成效
 
　　以“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，推動我省水稻機收減損工作取得較好成效，主要體現(xiàn)在廣大農機手在開展水稻收割中的損失率有了較為理想的降低，并有保持穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的趨勢。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，2022年，共組織“省市聯(lián)動”水稻機收減損技能大比武活動8場，組織各市縣開展水稻機收損失率監(jiān)測調查采樣點195個，監(jiān)測中損失率低于3.5%的采樣點基本上達到了100%，損失率低于2%的有110個，占比達到56%。2023年上半年水稻機收損失率繼續(xù)維持在較低的水平，監(jiān)測的平均損失率集中在2%-3.3%之間。據(jù)測算，如果廣東水稻機收田頭損失平均下降1個百分點，理論上可實現(xiàn)增收糧食約1億公斤，相當于增加了27萬畝的“無形良田”，真正實現(xiàn)“減損就是增產”的目的。
 
2022年廣東“省市聯(lián)動”云浮市水稻機收減損技能大比武活動
 
　　四、經驗啟示
 
　　創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，推動全省一盤棋實施水稻機收減損工程。通過“省市聯(lián)動”舉辦大比武活動，把資金、技術和專業(yè)技術人員下沉，幫助基層解決了資金不夠、人力不足等問題；以大比武活動為契機，培訓基層農機推廣人員掌握水稻機收減損技術和機收損失率測定，使基層能自行舉辦大比武活動，帶動了各地舉辦水稻機收減損大比武活動的積極性；以“省市聯(lián)動”形式開展大比武活動，形成了多層次、高水準、政府主導、社會參與的水稻機收減損技能大比武活動。通過創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，切實形成了一個可復制可推廣的水稻機收減損推廣模式。
 
2023年廣東省“省市聯(lián)動”(清遠市)夏收水稻機收減損技能大比武活動
 

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