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2024年芹菜病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)方案

2024-03-25 08:36:40 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：11845 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：芹菜主要病害有斑枯病、葉斑病、菌核病、根結(jié)線蟲病等；主要害蟲有蚜蟲、斑潛蠅、薊馬、甜菜夜蛾等。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 為指導(dǎo)各地開展芹菜綠色生產(chǎn)，提高斑潛蠅、蚜蟲、根結(jié)線蟲病等病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)應(yīng)用水平，保障芹菜生產(chǎn)安全和質(zhì)量安全，特制定本方案。
 
　　一、防控目標(biāo)
 
　　芹菜種植區(qū)主要病蟲害防治處置率達(dá)到90%以上，總體防控效果85%以上，危害損失率控制在10%以內(nèi)。
 
　　二、防控策略
 
　　貫徹“預(yù)防為主，綜合防治”的植保方針。通過協(xié)調(diào)應(yīng)用健康栽培、生物防治、理化誘控和科學(xué)用藥等技術(shù)措施，實(shí)現(xiàn)芹菜主要病蟲害的有效控制。
 
　　三、防控對(duì)象
 
　　芹菜主要病害有斑枯病、葉斑病、菌核病、根結(jié)線蟲病等；主要害蟲有蚜蟲、斑潛蠅、薊馬、甜菜夜蛾等。
 
　　四、防控措施
 
　　（一）加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測
 
　　懸掛黃板監(jiān)測蚜蟲、斑潛蠅等；懸掛藍(lán)板監(jiān)測薊馬；安裝性信息素誘捕器監(jiān)測甜菜夜蛾；人工調(diào)查病害發(fā)生情況。
 
　　（二）健康栽培
 
　　1．選用抗（耐）性品種。宜選用商品性好、適合當(dāng)?shù)胤N植的抗(耐)性品種。
 
　　2．輪作。不應(yīng)與香菜、胡蘿卜等傘形科蔬菜重茬，可與水稻、玉米等作物輪作。
 
　　3．清潔田園。及時(shí)清理殘株、敗葉，集中深埋或堆漚處理。
 
　　4．翻耕曬垡。播種前，深翻土壤30厘米，曬垡5～7天，在溝渠和保護(hù)地邊緣撒生石灰。
 
　　5．科學(xué)施肥。結(jié)合深耕，施足基肥，合理追肥。宜施用餅肥或充分腐熟的農(nóng)家肥。
 
　　6．控溫控濕，通風(fēng)透光。保護(hù)地芹菜，白天棚室溫度宜控制在15—20 ℃，高于25 ℃應(yīng)及時(shí)放風(fēng)，降溫降濕，相對(duì)濕度控制在50—60%。夜間溫度不低于10 ℃，相對(duì)濕度不高于80%。
 
　　（三）高溫悶棚消毒
 
　　利用夏季高溫休閑時(shí)間，將粉碎的稻草或玉米秸稈500公斤/畝，豬糞、牛糞等未腐熟的有機(jī)肥4—5立方米/畝，氰氨化鈣70—80公斤/畝，均勻鋪撒在棚室內(nèi)的土壤表面。然后用旋耕機(jī)深翻地25—40厘米，起壟后覆膜澆水同時(shí)封閉棚膜。保持高溫悶棚20—30天，處理結(jié)束后揭膜，旋耕土壤晾曬7—10天，使用微生物菌劑處理后即可種植。
 
　　（四）生物防治
 
　　1．施用微生物制劑。預(yù)防土傳病害，可在播種或定植前使用木霉菌、枯草芽孢桿菌等生物菌劑進(jìn)行土壤處理；對(duì)于根結(jié)線蟲病發(fā)生地塊，選用厚孢輪枝菌顆粒劑、淡紫擬青霉進(jìn)行土壤處理或者穴施，或殺線蟲芽孢桿菌B16進(jìn)行穴施或者撒施，或蘇云金桿菌HAN055隨水沖施或灌根，或蠟質(zhì)芽孢桿菌灌根；防治薊馬、蚜蟲、甜菜夜蛾，應(yīng)在害蟲發(fā)生初期或低齡幼蟲期，選用綠僵菌、球孢白僵菌等微生物藥劑；防治甜菜夜蛾，可選用甜菜夜蛾核型多角體病毒進(jìn)行防治。
 
　　2．利用天敵。初見害蟲時(shí)釋放天敵，利用食蚜癭蚊、瓢蟲、蚜繭蜂等防治蚜蟲，利用小花蝽、捕食螨等防治薊馬，釋放草蛉、蠋蝽等防治甜菜夜蛾等鱗翅目害蟲。
 
　　（五）理化誘控
 
　　在棚室門口和通風(fēng)口安裝40—60目防蟲網(wǎng)；使用甜菜夜蛾性誘劑和誘捕器誘殺成蟲。
 
　　（六）科學(xué)用藥
 
　　防治蚜蟲，選用苦參堿、吡蟲啉、吡蚜酮、啶蟲脒、噻蟲嗪等藥劑；防治甜菜夜蛾，選用苦皮藤素等藥劑；防治斑枯病、葉斑病、菌核病等病害，選用咪鮮胺、苯醚甲環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯、丙環(huán)唑、戊唑醇等藥劑。種植前可采取種子和土壤處理，苗期和生長期灌根、噴施等方式進(jìn)行施藥。輪換使用不同作用機(jī)制農(nóng)藥，并嚴(yán)格遵守用藥劑量、用藥方法、用藥次數(shù)和安全間隔期。

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