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當(dāng)前南方早稻應(yīng)對(duì)陰雨洪澇技術(shù)意見

2024-04-25 09:50:16 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：11626 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：4月中旬以來，南方地區(qū)出現(xiàn)兩輪大范圍降雨，部分地區(qū)大到暴雨并伴有大風(fēng)冰雹等強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣，對(duì)早稻育秧移栽和田間管理造成不利影響。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 4月中旬以來，南方地區(qū)出現(xiàn)兩輪大范圍降雨，部分地區(qū)大到暴雨并伴有大風(fēng)冰雹等強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣，對(duì)早稻育秧移栽和田間管理造成不利影響。據(jù)氣象部門預(yù)報(bào)，未來10天江南華南降雨顯著偏多，大部地區(qū)較常年同期偏多5—8成，部分地區(qū)偏多1倍以上，可能出現(xiàn)洪澇災(zāi)害。“谷雨”已過，長江中下游早稻處于移栽至返青期，華南早稻處于分蘗期，是保早稻栽插、?；久绲年P(guān)鍵時(shí)期。為科學(xué)應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前陰雨洪澇影響，各地要以保秧田、保栽插、保苗數(shù)“三保”為重點(diǎn)，加快早稻移栽，加強(qiáng)田間管理，強(qiáng)化防災(zāi)減災(zāi)，確保栽足栽滿，全力抓好早稻生產(chǎn)。
 
　　防護(hù)秧田  搶時(shí)栽插
 
　　對(duì)少部分尚未移栽的露天育秧田，做好排水工作，防止秧田受淹。對(duì)秧苗較小的集中育秧田，有條件的地方遮蓋防雨，無條件的地方深水護(hù)苗，避免暴雨沖擊損害秧苗。對(duì)尚未移栽的設(shè)施秧田，提前加固防風(fēng)，防范強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣影響。對(duì)已完成整地施肥的大田，要避開暴雨天氣搶插搶拋。對(duì)仍未整地移栽的田塊，要盡快完成整地和移栽。對(duì)剛播種的直播稻田，應(yīng)適當(dāng)灌水2—3厘米形成保護(hù)層，防止暴雨沖刷種子或幼苗，天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴后立即排水，避免水流沖走種子和幼苗。
 
　　管控水層  及時(shí)排水
 
　　對(duì)尚未移栽的大田，要施足基肥加快整地，并保持泥皮水作業(yè)，防止后續(xù)強(qiáng)降雨導(dǎo)致肥水流失。施肥2天后做好4—5厘米的平水缺，及時(shí)排出田間多余水分，防止暴雨沖刷導(dǎo)致肥料流失。對(duì)剛移栽的稻田，暴雨來臨前做好3—4厘米的平水缺，確保田間保持一定水層，減輕暴雨對(duì)秧苗的沖刷，減少漂苗率。對(duì)正在返青的稻田，要保持泥皮水，做好1—2厘米的平水缺，降低洪澇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)處于分蘗期的稻田，要提前清理溝系，并與田外排灌渠溝相通相連，排干稻田積水，促進(jìn)水稻分蘗。
 
　　查苗補(bǔ)苗  防控病蟲
 
　　對(duì)因暴雨沖擊導(dǎo)致浮苗、缺蔸、死苗等缺苗較多的田塊，天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴后及時(shí)查苗補(bǔ)缺，可用多余秧苗補(bǔ)插，也可在未受影響的田塊中選取分蘗旺盛的植株進(jìn)行分株補(bǔ)苗，確?；久鐢?shù)。受淹水稻葉片損傷、枯葉較多，易發(fā)生立枯病、根腐病等病害，新生的葉、蘗、莖易遭蟲害，要密切關(guān)注病蟲發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)，開展綜合防治，減輕病蟲危害。
 
　　加強(qiáng)田管  促進(jìn)恢復(fù)
 
　　暴雨過后，要排水降漬、控水增氧、露田通氣，促進(jìn)水稻發(fā)根。對(duì)苗勢偏弱、葉色偏淡的秧床和大田，可酌情追施速效氮肥，促進(jìn)秧苗恢復(fù)生長。對(duì)已沖毀無法恢復(fù)的稻田，及時(shí)清表整地，補(bǔ)插秧苗或改種直播稻，最大程度彌補(bǔ)災(zāi)害損失。

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