植保無人飛機(jī)施藥防控小麥穗期病蟲害指導(dǎo)意見

2024-04-28 13:17:23 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：11946 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】
 
　　飛行參數(shù)設(shè)置
 
　　統(tǒng)籌考慮畝施藥液量、植保無人飛機(jī)下壓風(fēng)力大小等因素，綜合設(shè)定飛行參數(shù)，不同型號的植保無人飛機(jī)飛行參數(shù)不同，大規(guī)模施藥前須開展小范圍試驗(yàn)，確保噴霧均勻、無重噴漏噴、飄移損失小且小麥植株無折損。防控小麥穗期病蟲害時，環(huán)境風(fēng)速應(yīng)小于二級風(fēng)(<3.3m/s)，施藥液量2—3升/畝(防控赤霉病時應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加施藥液量)，飛行速度小于5m/s，飛行高度(離小麥冠層的高度)2—4m；施藥時應(yīng)適當(dāng)疊加作業(yè)噴幅，增加相鄰噴幅的重疊量，確保噴幅邊緣有足夠的霧滴沉積量，滿足防控需要；施藥后如遇雨，應(yīng)及時補(bǔ)治。
 
　　防控藥劑選擇
 
　　防控小麥穗期病蟲害時，提倡綜合防控、一噴多效，可結(jié)合“一噴三防”措施，科學(xué)混用殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、葉面肥、飛防助劑等開展綜合防控，大規(guī)模施藥前須開展小范圍試驗(yàn)，確保藥劑混合均勻、混配穩(wěn)定、協(xié)同增效且對小麥植株無藥害。
 
　　防控赤霉?。?/strong>選用丙硫菌唑、氰烯菌酯、氟唑菌酰羥胺、葉菌唑、戊唑醇等不同作用機(jī)理藥劑，且小麥生育期內(nèi)每類藥劑最多使用2次，施藥時要用足藥量，減輕毒素污染、延緩抗性發(fā)展；如抽穗揚(yáng)花期遇連續(xù)陰雨天氣，應(yīng)在一次用藥后5—7天進(jìn)行二次用藥。防控蚜蟲、白粉病、葉銹?。?/strong>防控蚜蟲輪換使用啶蟲脒、吡蚜酮、高效氯氰菊酯等藥劑，防控白粉病、葉銹病輪換使用氟環(huán)唑、丙環(huán)唑等藥劑；對于重發(fā)田塊，應(yīng)在一次用藥后7—10天進(jìn)行二次用藥。防控吸漿蟲：輪換使用阿維·吡蟲啉、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氟·吡蟲啉等藥劑。
 
　　噴霧助劑添加
 
　　施藥作業(yè)前，應(yīng)在藥液中添加適量的改性植物油、礦物油等噴霧助劑并混合均勻，用于改善農(nóng)藥藥液性能，提高霧滴沉降、抗飄移、耐雨水沖刷、抗蒸發(fā)等性能。
 
　　注意事項(xiàng)
 
　　(一)施藥作業(yè)前，要調(diào)查作業(yè)周邊環(huán)境、確定作業(yè)區(qū)域及邊界。根據(jù)作業(yè)區(qū)域，綜合評估潛在風(fēng)險，防止噴霧霧滴飄移造成非靶標(biāo)生物毒害和周邊作物藥害。
 
　　(二)施藥作業(yè)時，環(huán)境溫度不超過30℃。鑒于部分地區(qū)中午氣溫較高，因地制宜選擇在上午10點(diǎn)前或下午4點(diǎn)后施藥作業(yè)。施藥時可在穗部提前布放霧滴測試卡，進(jìn)行霧滴密度檢測，為保證飛防作業(yè)質(zhì)量和防治效果，建議每平方厘米霧滴數(shù)量在30個以上。
 
　　(三)起降作業(yè)時，應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離障礙物和人員，作業(yè)人員應(yīng)穿戴必要的防護(hù)用品，避免處在噴霧的下風(fēng)位，嚴(yán)禁在施藥區(qū)穿行，作業(yè)時禁止吸煙及飲食。
 
　　(四)施藥防控后，要及時跟蹤調(diào)查病蟲害防治效果并做好記錄。

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