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強化政策引導，打通畜禽糞污還田利用“最后一公里”

2024-07-31 14:08:16 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：37915 評論

導讀：由于我國種養(yǎng)主體分離，種地的不養(yǎng)豬，養(yǎng)豬的不種地，種養(yǎng)不匹配的問題普遍存在，畜禽糞肥還田利用“最后一公里”還沒有完全打通。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 畜禽糞污資源化利用是當前推進綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要途徑之一，而畜禽糞肥還田利用是解決畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染問題的根本出路，涉及種植、養(yǎng)殖、環(huán)境保護等多個方面。
 
　　由于我國種養(yǎng)主體分離，種地的不養(yǎng)豬，養(yǎng)豬的不種地，種養(yǎng)不匹配的問題普遍存在，畜禽糞肥還田利用“最后一公里”還沒有完全打通。
 
　　近年來，國家強化政策支持引導，加強實用技術(shù)推廣，推動建立市場化機制，畜禽糞肥還田利用取得了階段性成效。
 
　　2019年12月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳、生態(tài)環(huán)境部辦公廳聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關(guān)于促進畜禽糞污還田利用加強養(yǎng)殖污染治理的指導意見》，鼓勵指導各地加快推進畜禽糞污資源化利用，暢通糞污還田渠道，加快畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治從重達標排放向重全量利用轉(zhuǎn)變；
 
　　2020年6月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合生態(tài)環(huán)境部印發(fā)《關(guān)于進一步明確畜禽糞污還田利用要求強化養(yǎng)殖污染監(jiān)管的通知》(農(nóng)辦牧〔2020〕23號)，鼓勵畜禽糞污還田利用，加強事中事后監(jiān)管，加快構(gòu)建種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)牧循環(huán)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展新格局；
 
　　2021年10月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部配合生態(tài)環(huán)境部印發(fā)《畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治規(guī)劃編制指南(試行)》(環(huán)辦土壤函〔2021〕465號)，指導全國611個畜牧大縣依法編制畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治規(guī)劃，以土地承載力為基礎，引導優(yōu)化畜禽養(yǎng)殖布局，促進種養(yǎng)循環(huán)；
 
　　2021年10月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合國家發(fā)展改革委制定《“十四五”全國畜禽糞肥利用種養(yǎng)結(jié)合建設規(guī)劃》，將全國分為7個區(qū)域，系統(tǒng)分析每個區(qū)域的地理特點、養(yǎng)殖種類、規(guī)模化程度和耕地質(zhì)量等情況，持續(xù)實施畜禽糞污資源化利用整縣推進項目，建設堆漚肥、液體糞污貯存發(fā)酵、沼氣發(fā)酵等設施裝備，因地制宜推廣堆漚肥還田、液體糞污貯存還田、沼肥還田等技術(shù)模式。啟動實施綠色種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)試點，支持畜牧大省、糧食和蔬菜主產(chǎn)區(qū)、生態(tài)保護重點區(qū)域的299個縣(農(nóng)場)，整縣開展糞肥就地消納、就近還田試點，加快畜禽糞污資源化利用，打通種養(yǎng)循環(huán)堵點，促進糞肥就地就近還田利用；
 
　　2021年11月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合生態(tài)環(huán)境部印發(fā)《關(guān)于加強畜禽糞污資源化利用計劃和臺賬管理的通知》(農(nóng)辦牧〔2021〕46號)，進一步提高畜禽糞污資源化利用的規(guī)范化、標準化水平。
 
　　2022年6月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合生態(tài)環(huán)境部印發(fā)《畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(戶)糞污處理設施建設技術(shù)指南》，細化設施建設要求和7大類設施建設內(nèi)容，實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)殖主體全覆蓋；
 
　　2023年8月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合國家標準委、生態(tài)環(huán)境部印發(fā)《關(guān)于推進畜禽糞污資源化利用標準體系建設的指導意見》，推動建立系統(tǒng)完備、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、銜接配套、科學嚴謹?shù)臉藴鼠w系。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在近日回復人大代表的建議中表示，下一步將持續(xù)支持符合條件的養(yǎng)殖大縣，實施畜禽糞污資源化利用整縣推進項目，指導散養(yǎng)密集區(qū)因地制宜建立糞污收運利用系統(tǒng)，暢通糞肥還田渠道，同時，進一步統(tǒng)籌政策項目資金，強化畜禽糞污處理基礎設施建設，培育壯大一批糞肥還田社會化服務主體，因地制宜推廣多種方式的還田技術(shù)措施，促進畜禽糞肥就地就近還田利用。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部。

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