今日要聞

強降雨災后漁業(yè)恢復生產技術措施——汛期水產養(yǎng)殖防災減災技術指引

2024-08-28 10:01:09 來源：農業(yè)農村部 閱讀量：12682 評論

導讀：汛期強降雨往往伴隨大風，直接造成池塘水位急劇上升，溢塘風險加大，同時將帶來水溫下降、pH驟降、溶氧下降、鹽度下降、養(yǎng)殖動物產生應激反應等問題。

　　【農機網 科技創(chuàng)新】　汛期強降雨往往伴隨大風，直接造成池塘水位急劇上升，溢塘風險加大，同時將帶來水溫下降、pH驟降、溶氧下降、鹽度下降、養(yǎng)殖動物產生應激反應等問題。如不及時處理，可能會造成池塘圍欄設施、池埂損壞甚至坍塌，建議采取以下措施減緩相關影響。
 
　　一、及時采取預防措施
 
　　池塘和水庫養(yǎng)殖要注意天氣和水位變化，必要時采取加高堤壩等措施，防止因洪水漫堤造成損失或池外水的流入；網箱養(yǎng)殖要注意預防洪水沖擊造成網箱被沖走、沖垮，可采取加固固定繩索和網箱框架等措施，及時清理浮游生物。開展搶險救災時，特別要注意人身安全，生產人員要配備救生設施，生產過程中不可進行危險操作，遇到危險情況要及時撤離。漲水時要及時將網箱拉到水質好、避風浪、遠離泄洪道的地方；退水時要及時將網箱移離岸邊，防止擱淺；盡可能在泄洪道采取防護措施，如設置攔網等。
 
　　二、海水養(yǎng)殖池塘及時排淡，防止雨水倒灌
 
　　一是降雨前先將原池水排掉約1/3后立即加到最高水位；二是檢查池塘周圍是否有陸地雨水進入池塘的通道，防止大量雨水進入池塘；三是強降雨時及時打開上層排淡閘板和排淡管道，將表層低鹽度水從上部溢出，保證池水上下層鹽度基本一致，防止因上下層水比重不同造成的池水分層，使上層富氧水不能通過垂直對流傳到底層，導致池底缺氧及氨氮、硫化氫、亞硝酸鹽等有害物質含量增加。
 
　　三、及時增氧
 
　　正常情況下通過日常換水的方法可基本保證養(yǎng)殖水體溶氧量，但汛期建議采取以下增氧措施。
 
　　1. 機械增氧。有增氧機和微孔增氧設備要及時開機增氧。開機時間一般選在夜間或凌晨，該時段是一天中氣溫最低的時間，此時開機除起增氧作用外，還可降低水溫。另外，可加大池水上下層交換力度，防止池水分層。
 
　　2. 化學增氧。嚴重缺氧時還可投化學增氧劑救急。
 
　　3. 人工增氧。無機械增氧設備的也可人工搖小舢板船攪動池水，盡量使池水充分活動起來。池水溶解氧要保持在5毫克/升以上，即使在強降雨后的短時間內底層水溶解氧也不能低于3毫克/升。
 
　　四、及時修復養(yǎng)殖設施
 
　　對于損失輕微的水產養(yǎng)殖區(qū)，要對養(yǎng)殖設施、池塘堤壩、稻田養(yǎng)殖田埂等進行全面加固修復；對被淹沒的池塘及稻田養(yǎng)殖區(qū)，水位一旦回落，要抓緊搶修養(yǎng)殖設施，為補放苗種做準備。對生產設施毀壞嚴重的養(yǎng)殖水體，首先判斷養(yǎng)殖水體剩余水產品的數量，然后采取相應措施防止剩余養(yǎng)殖水產品的逃逸(如用2～3層攔網攔住養(yǎng)殖設施被毀壞的地方)，洪水徹底退去后再進一步修復。對無法修復的要進行捕撈，達到上市規(guī)格的水產品及時上市銷售，不夠上市規(guī)格的轉移到安全池塘或網箱中暫養(yǎng)，等水位回落后放養(yǎng)，減少受災損失。對于池塘精養(yǎng)區(qū)，要及時整修進排水系統(tǒng)。與外河水位差較高的池塘，應回水減少水位差，防止逃魚；其次要及時檢查修補進排水口，防止?jié)B漏，以防養(yǎng)殖品種再次逃逸。
 
　　五、適時補放水產苗種
 
　　認真做好受災漁業(yè)水域剩余養(yǎng)殖品種調查，科學評估災后養(yǎng)殖水域內現存養(yǎng)殖品種的數量，以便做好消毒免疫、苗種補放和后期的飼養(yǎng)管理。一般可采用拉網檢查，或根據養(yǎng)殖品種對草料、飼料攝食量，估算養(yǎng)殖水域剩余水產品數量。對于養(yǎng)殖量的估算，可根據攝食情況來估算存塘量；每次投飼后2小時檢查攝食情況，以基本吃完、略有剩余為宜，再根據投喂量的3～4%，推算出存塘量。苗種補放根據當地養(yǎng)殖習慣及苗種存量的實際情況靈活選擇品種，可以通過回捕、調劑、秋季繁殖等方式解決苗種問題。在苗種補放過程中，一定要注意水產品苗種的質量問題，杜絕購進病苗、傷苗、弱質苗、假苗，最好由當地漁業(yè)推廣部門的技術人員把好苗種的種質關和補放技術關，以免造成二次損失。
 
　　六、防止疫病發(fā)生
 
　　及時打撈死魚，迅速進行無害化處理，切忌將死魚隨便亂扔。無害化處理措施包括：深埋、焚燒等，其中以生石灰消毒處理后再深埋1米以上較為常用，具體可參見行業(yè)標準《病死水生動物及病害水生動物產品無害化處理規(guī)程》(SC/T 7015-2022)。強化漁業(yè)公共衛(wèi)生與健康管理的意識，堅持對打撈死魚的工具、器皿、人員進行消毒處理，防止疫病發(fā)生。堅持早晚巡塘，觀察水質變化及養(yǎng)殖對象有無浮頭、發(fā)病等現象，及時處理發(fā)現的問題。同時，因強降雨后的養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境突變，易造成養(yǎng)殖對象產生應激反應，抗病能力降低，要做好科學投飼，提高魚體免疫力。此外，要加大水生動植物疾病測報和水生動物疫病監(jiān)測力度，一旦發(fā)現疫情，應通過規(guī)定程序及時上報，做好應急處置。此外，要提前開展物資儲備，做好養(yǎng)殖設施和房屋加固，避免突發(fā)災害危及人身和財產安全。
 
　　來源：農業(yè)農村部

上一篇： 擬定170項！中國農學會發(fā)布2024年中國農業(yè)農村重大新技術新產品新裝備遴選結果

下一篇：公示│江西省農機裝備研發(fā)制造推廣應用一體化試點項目評審結果

我要評論
文明上網，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網友意見，與本站立場無關。

產品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3029000","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c73296f10740854b6195df4e18eb45209fb698fc29d5d929daa3723f30e2fd23425f.jpg","PictureDomain":"img48","Name":"國產沖擊器公司","Type":"HD35A/45A/55A/65A/85A","Descrip":" 宣化縣瑞科鉆孔機械廠（原科瑞鉆采機械），地處河北省宣化開發(fā)區(qū)，是研發(fā)和生產礦山、石油、水電、交通、林業(yè)、地熱鉆井系列鑿巖鉆具的專業(yè)廠家。 瑞科鉆孔機械廠多年來生產，低風壓RKCIR65/70/76/80/90/110/150/170沖擊器，中風壓M3、M4、M5沖擊器，高風壓,節(jié)能HD35A/45A/55A/65A/85A快速沖擊器。與低風壓、中、高風壓沖擊器，相應配套高硬釬頭、鉆桿和釬具。 我廠生產的釬頭，質量穩(wěn)定，釬頭尺寸65-300mm，分低風壓","CompanyName":"宣化縣瑞科鉆孔機械廠","CompanyID":"130870","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"11","City":"張家口市","Address":"張家口市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"133","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557903","StandUrl":"/st130870","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 7:43:07","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103029000","UserID":"143859","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1764300","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"李經理","TelPhone":"0313-3237505","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"釬頭，沖擊器，鉆桿，輕型鉆機，宣化鉆機配件，590鉆機配件，馬達","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"2","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"21086","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/5/17 8:35:45","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18231363789"},{"ID":"3129448","Picture":"mt0001/62b67f438055e754eef8ec5053ed8ba2e0afccb9b8e6baf5bb4957aea103fb7c3db39e21814f46c3.png","PictureDomain":"img79","Name":"VM4030影像測量儀廠家","Type":"VM2010 3020 4030 5040","Descrip":"VM3020手動影像測量儀 二次元產品投影儀能高效地檢測各種復雜工件的輪廓和表面形狀如：樣板、沖壓件、凸輪、螺紡、齒輪、成形銑刀等各種工具、刀具和零件、以及端子、鐘表、金鋼石等。?使用范圍更為廣泛，它廣泛應用于機械、模具、儀表、電子、輕工等行業(yè)，是計量室和生產車間*的一種計量檢定設備。","CompanyName":"杭州精兢檢測儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"139959","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"99","City":"杭州市","Address":"杭州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"125","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557902","StandUrl":"/st139959","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 7:42:03","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103129448","UserID":"152949","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1938075","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"舒君偉","TelPhone":"4001814110","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"布洛維氏硬度計,金相顯微鏡,金相磨拋機,金相切割機,金相耗材,影像測量儀,拉力試驗機,高低溫試驗箱,扭力扳手,扭矩測試儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"8372","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/8/30 23:28:07","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15268114110"},{"ID":"3079511","Picture":"mt0001/4c6b81a0f7ee9f3fd4286bd0b4f5495981dd9b9adcf287c567f0dc430e5d00b0265a774aa85fe406.jpg","PictureDomain":"img52","Name":"國產一氧化碳分析儀","Type":"GXH-3011A1","Descrip":"GXH-3011A1一氧化碳分析儀符合GB/T18204.23-2000《公共場所空氣中一氧化碳檢驗方法》和GB/T9801-88《空氣質量一氧化碳的測定非分散紅外法》的國家標準；符合JJG635-1999《一氧化碳、二氧化碳紅外線氣體分析器》的國家計量檢定規(guī)程。本儀器的主要技術指標符合國家二級儀表的技術要求，可以取得中國計量科學研究院的二級檢定證書。","CompanyName":"常州市偉嘉儀器制造有限公司","CompanyID":"139078","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"89","City":"常州市","Address":"常州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"74","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557902","StandUrl":"/st139078","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 7:42:27","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103079511","UserID":"152068","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1896322","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"莊衛(wèi)平","TelPhone":"86-0519-82335255","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"培養(yǎng)箱,水浴恒溫振蕩器,電動離心機,水浴鍋,恒溫油浴,一氧化碳檢測儀,甲醛分析儀,恒溫水浴搖床,大氣采樣器等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"7546","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/7/9 1:14:19","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13906146072.13205209158"},{"ID":"2711466","Picture":"5eceadd4559dcfd20b00d43427242c81168298699ef5637257bfb33a138b9a126d05e8da83e7e9e7.png","PictureDomain":"img68","Name":"快開式磁力攪拌反應釜哪家好","Type":"","Descrip":"NSI智能型快開式磁力攪拌反應釜集磁力攪拌釜、加熱爐和智能控溫儀于一體，采用7寸高清觸摸屏控制溫度和轉速及釜內壓力監(jiān)測，并設有USB通訊接口，能夠實時記錄反應過程中溫度、轉速、壓力等參數的變化并輸出為報表通過U盤下載。","CompanyName":"安徽科冪儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"129137","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"110","City":"合肥市","Address":"合肥市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"148","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557902","StandUrl":"/st129137","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 7:42:02","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102711466","UserID":"142126","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1676196","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"程先廣","TelPhone":"0551-62921227","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"反應釜，控溫儀，攪拌器，管式爐實驗儀器，化學化工儀器設備，儀器儀表設備，箱式爐，光催化系列","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"30406","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2015/2/2 0:43:28","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13003060527"},{"ID":"2938418","Picture":"00450ea57bc9bc7dc12cbc2b23026e549f3f6e427840dbd49d21b4dc1680c7de54c7db73903248bd.png","PictureDomain":"img48","Name":"銷售均質器哪家好","Type":"HG-24Plus","Descrip":"新銳精儀突破傳統(tǒng)理念，大膽創(chuàng)新，研發(fā)、生產出帶分液功能全自動分散機，可廣泛應用于蔬菜、水果、肉類等樣品的均質處理。帶分液功能全自動分散機能讓實驗人員從枯燥、繁重、機械的樣品均質工作中解脫出來。 全自動均質器，Auto HG-24Plus帶分液功能全自動分散機是為農業(yè)、食品檢測部門量身打造的一套自動化程度非常高的，它富集了樣品均質、清洗刀頭、槽內壁自清洗、防漏液交叉污染四大功能。","CompanyName":"深圳市新銳科技發(fā)展有限公司","CompanyID":"129310","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"214","City":"深圳市","Address":"深圳市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"58","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557900","StandUrl":"/st129310","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 7:40:04","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102938418","UserID":"142299","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1771344","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"李虹雯","TelPhone":"400-966-2881","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"全自動均質儀，全自動分散機，全自動勻漿機，組織研磨儀，高通量組織研磨儀，全自動濃縮儀,全自動氮吹儀，粉碎機","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"27752","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/22 3:26:44","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13560735719"},{"ID":"3029968","Picture":"mt0001/9df95e9989903b9bf97ae82e9141c398e9bc40ea6e1398bd6cdc32115d9c7887ccca11142a66edb1.jpg","PictureDomain":"img63","Name":"便攜式乙烷分析儀價格","Type":"PGC","Descrip":"德國舒馳 便攜式乙烷分析儀 燃氣管網檢測儀PGC用極短的時間就可以確定乙烷是否存在，現場打印色譜分離圖即時圖解測量結果。","CompanyName":"北京澤釧科技有限公司","CompanyID":"129614","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"69","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557896","StandUrl":"/st129614","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 7:36:30","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103029968","UserID":"142603","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1799542","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"李晟","TelPhone":"86-400-0151600","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"激光甲烷遙測儀，乙烷檢測儀，氫氣測漏儀，燃氣檢漏儀，煙氣分析儀，氣體報警器，臭氧分析儀，四氫噻吩檢測儀，氫氣檢測儀，管線探測儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"26117","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/5/17 16:05:06","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15699785629"}]