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通河開(kāi)展技術(shù)培訓(xùn)助力糧食大面積單產(chǎn)提升

2024-12-10 08:38:47 來(lái)源：黑龍江省通河縣農(nóng)機(jī)推廣站 閱讀量：8261 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：12月6日，組織專業(yè)技術(shù)人員深入富林鎮(zhèn)，進(jìn)行“大壟密植暨玉米大壟雙行單元多株品字形播種機(jī)械化密植高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”和“寒地水稻旱播(水管)機(jī)械化高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”培訓(xùn)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 通河縣農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝站，搶前抓早開(kāi)啟先進(jìn)適用農(nóng)機(jī)化新技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，助力2025年提升全縣糧食單產(chǎn)。12月6日，組織專業(yè)技術(shù)人員深入富林鎮(zhèn)，進(jìn)行“大壟密植暨玉米大壟雙行單元多株品字形播種機(jī)化密植高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”和“寒地水稻旱播(水管)機(jī)械化高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”培訓(xùn)，鎮(zhèn)政府相關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣工作人員、村(屯)干部、農(nóng)業(yè)合作社和種植大戶等近50人參加培訓(xùn)。
 
　　通過(guò)培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)，使廣大受訓(xùn)人員認(rèn)識(shí)到，應(yīng)用“大壟密植暨玉米大壟雙行單元多株品字形播種機(jī)械化密植高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”，壟面寬壟體大，可以吸納更多雨水，減少水分蒸發(fā)量，蓄水保墑效果好、抗旱耐澇能力明顯提高，大壟種植種子早萌發(fā)早出苗，苗全苗齊苗勻苗壯，農(nóng)作物根系生育發(fā)展的活土層空間大，農(nóng)作物能夠吸取更多土壤養(yǎng)分和肥料養(yǎng)分，農(nóng)作物根系植株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育健壯。玉米大壟雙行單元多株品字形播種，單元間距離44㎝以上，壟間行距75㎝—80㎝，通風(fēng)透光優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯，邊際效應(yīng)(邊行效應(yīng))突出，有效解決玉米禿尖、早衰、穗小等問(wèn)題，玉米果穗大小均勻一致，成熟進(jìn)度快，籽粒飽滿，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，單元多株提高玉米根系生命共同體活性，根系發(fā)達(dá)盤(pán)結(jié)交錯(cuò)，提高抗倒伏能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)活稈成熟，促進(jìn)增產(chǎn)，增產(chǎn)幅度平均達(dá)到20%左右。
 
　　應(yīng)用“寒地水稻旱播(水管)機(jī)械化高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”，取消泡田攪漿作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)，保持水田耕層土壤團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)不破壞，耕層土壤含氧量提高，利于水稻根系生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育，水稻旱播水管，通過(guò)全生育期淺濕干交替節(jié)水灌溉等田間優(yōu)化管理措施，促進(jìn)寒地旱直播水稻健壯生長(zhǎng)、根系發(fā)達(dá)、穗大穗齊，實(shí)現(xiàn)活稈成熟，莖稈堅(jiān)挺粗壯抗倒伏能力增強(qiáng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)寒地旱直播水稻穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)高效目標(biāo)；應(yīng)用“寒地水稻旱播(水管)機(jī)械化高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”，減少水稻栽培生產(chǎn)投入，節(jié)省育苗和移栽的成本投入，極大提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，減少水稻栽培人力投入，節(jié)省扣棚育苗和移栽的大量人力投入，有效解決水稻育苗移栽雇工難、雇工貴的問(wèn)題，穩(wěn)定農(nóng)民種糧積極性；應(yīng)用“寒地水稻旱播(水管)機(jī)械化高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)”，節(jié)省育苗環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)藥化肥除草劑和育苗土壤基質(zhì)的使用，節(jié)省“返青肥”的施用，減少本田化肥施用量，減少攪漿泡田用水和生育期灌溉用水20%左右，水稻機(jī)械旱直播與常規(guī)大棚育苗機(jī)械插秧對(duì)比，每公頃可以節(jié)省生產(chǎn)投入4500元左右，節(jié)約資源保護(hù)環(huán)境，是發(fā)展水稻輕簡(jiǎn)化規(guī)?；鷳B(tài)化效益化栽培模式的有效途徑，是水稻生產(chǎn)的保護(hù)性耕作生態(tài)化栽培方式，是提高糧食單產(chǎn)保障糧食安全的有效措施。

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