2025年全國大豆種子包衣技術意見

2025-03-07 09:58:55 來源：全國農技推廣中心 閱讀量：2985 評論

　　大豆種子包衣是有效應對重迎茬的重要措施，對減輕苗期病蟲害發(fā)生、提高單產水平具有重要作用。根據(jù)今年大豆生產特點和氣象預測情況，各地要落實精選良種、對癥選藥，干法包衣、護種促芽等措施，確保大豆種子包衣安全高效。
 
　　精選良種，對癥選藥
 
　　選擇對根腐病等病害及蟲害抗(耐)性強的大豆品種，做好種子的清選、精選，確保種子潔凈健康。由鐮刀菌、絲核菌、擬莖點霉引起的根腐病，選擇含咯菌腈、苯醚甲環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯等(殺真菌)成分的種子處理劑；由疫霉菌、腐霉菌引起的根腐病，通常還伴隨真菌侵染，推薦使用含精甲霜靈·咯菌腈成分的種子處理劑。地下害蟲、薊馬和蚜蟲等害蟲發(fā)生嚴重的地區(qū)，可同時添加含噻蟲嗪等成分的種子處理劑進行包衣。
 
　　干法包衣，護種促芽
 
　　為防止包衣過程中大豆種子吸水后種皮破裂，發(fā)芽率下降，同時確保包衣均勻，每100千克種子推薦藥液用量為400—800毫升。種衣劑原則上不加水(稀釋)，可用拌種機等設備或干凈容器(桶、袋、膜等)拌種，時間控制在1分鐘內，避免過度攪拌而傷種。包衣種子攤開陰干后裝入透氣的袋子，置于陰涼處備用。種子可隨包隨播，也可提前包衣，原則上可提前至半年內包衣，避免高溫儲藏。
 
　　適期播種，順暢下籽
 
　　根據(jù)當?shù)貧夂驐l件、土壤墑情和品種特性，科學確定適宜播期，嚴把播種質量關，做到用種精量、播種精細、深淺一致、下籽均勻、覆土嚴密，保證勻播密植。機播或人工播均可，機播需提前測試下種是否順暢，可酌情使用滑石粉等潤滑材料促進排種，謹慎實施二次拌種。
 
　　綜合防控，防衰增產
 
　　大豆生長期注意及時排水防澇，并監(jiān)測病蟲害發(fā)生情況。初花期前后和結莢鼓粒期等關鍵時期可酌情噴施含唑醚·氟環(huán)唑、嘧菌酯等成分的殺菌劑和含噻蟲·高氯氟、氯蟲苯甲酰胺等成分的殺蟲劑。結合“一噴多促”，預防中后期病蟲害引起的大豆早衰等問題。
 
　　來源：農業(yè)農村部大豆專家指導組、全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心

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