迎接農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代 農(nóng)機行業(yè)如何不掉隊？

2016-09-26 16:49:45 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：16868 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 行業(yè)要聞】“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算……”這些名詞漸漸在我們生活中蔓延開來，隨著工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的同步推進，農(nóng)業(yè)作為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)原材料的提供行業(yè)和工業(yè)制成品的使用行業(yè)，在“工業(yè)4.0”的推動下正逐漸邁向自己的4.0時代。
　　
　　迎接農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代 農(nóng)機行業(yè)如何不掉隊？

       “農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代”是繼傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)、機械化農(nóng)業(yè)、信息化農(nóng)業(yè)之后進步到更高階段的產(chǎn)物，簡單地說就是讓農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)變得更有“智慧”。農(nóng)業(yè)機械作為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要動力，怎樣做才能跟上這個時代的步伐？下面筆者就從三個方面來做簡單闡述。
　　
　　轉(zhuǎn)型升級環(huán)?；?/strong>
　　
　　環(huán)保對于每一個時代來說都不是過時的，農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是我國一直以來都在追求的重要目標，農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代對環(huán)保的要求將只增不減。
　　
　　現(xiàn)階段我國農(nóng)機依舊以燃油為主，每年所消耗的能源和所產(chǎn)生的排放量都是驚人的，作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國，我國無法減少農(nóng)機的使用量甚至還要普及農(nóng)業(yè)機械化，因此優(yōu)化農(nóng)機結(jié)構(gòu)，推進農(nóng)機行業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級迫在眉睫。
　　
　　現(xiàn)如今，農(nóng)用柴油機排放標準由“國二”升級為“國三”，加快了農(nóng)機向綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的腳步。為更好適應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代，農(nóng)機行業(yè)應(yīng)抓住排放標準升級這個契機，調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)展環(huán)保型農(nóng)機和農(nóng)機，優(yōu)化市場份額。
　　
　　科技創(chuàng)新智能化
　　
　　如果說環(huán)保是一個永恒的主題，那么智能化則是農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代所要追求的目標。
　　
　　很明顯，農(nóng)業(yè)4.0是在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的，農(nóng)業(yè)機械想要在農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代不被淘汰，加強科技創(chuàng)新，發(fā)展智能裝備是一條重要途徑。利用遙感、傳感器、智能終端等形成實時海量數(shù)據(jù)，推進農(nóng)機作業(yè)在線化、數(shù)據(jù)化。例如，給拖拉機裝上“北斗”系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)深松作業(yè)的化。
　　
　　此外，現(xiàn)在我國部分地區(qū)都安裝了智慧農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)，大棚里到處是傳感器，植物需要透氣，大棚上的卷膜會自動揭開；有了病蟲害，不需要打農(nóng)藥，大棚里的臭氧防治病害裝置會發(fā)出臭氧殺菌；缺水了，智能灌溉機會自動開啟，有時農(nóng)事作業(yè)只要一個手機遠程控制就可以，完全展現(xiàn)了智能化生產(chǎn)。
　　
　　而要做到上述的智能化作業(yè)，科技技術(shù)是實現(xiàn)智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的基石。所以農(nóng)機行業(yè)要加大科技投入和人才培養(yǎng)，增強研發(fā)力度，力爭在大數(shù)據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)中占得一席之地。
　　
　　從農(nóng)業(yè)機械到農(nóng)業(yè)機器人
　　
　　農(nóng)機智能化到了一定程度就好像有了人腦一樣，于是產(chǎn)生了另外一樣“高階事物”，那就是農(nóng)業(yè)機器人。
　　
　　相較于普通的農(nóng)業(yè)機械，農(nóng)業(yè)機器人使人們的農(nóng)事勞動節(jié)省了諸多步驟，大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)通過分析現(xiàn)場的實時數(shù)據(jù)（氣象、土壤、生長狀態(tài)、病蟲害等）、歷史經(jīng)驗數(shù)據(jù)、運用各類的專家系統(tǒng)做出預(yù)測和決策，指導各類機器人執(zhí)行任務(wù)。現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有育苗、種植、施肥、授粉、除草、噴藥、采摘、分揀等方面的機器人。
　　
　　可以說，從農(nóng)業(yè)機械到農(nóng)業(yè)機器人是一個大跨步，高度智能化的機械將是農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代的重要標志。
　　
　   結(jié)語：未來我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的腳步將不斷加快，農(nóng)業(yè)機械化程度不斷加深。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代的到來，農(nóng)機行業(yè)發(fā)展又將迎來新的契機，如何抓住這個機會，闖出一番新天地成為農(nóng)機企業(yè)經(jīng)營者都需要思考的問題。就目前而言，加快農(nóng)機行業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，優(yōu)化農(nóng)機裝備結(jié)構(gòu)，促進農(nóng)機智能化是農(nóng)機企業(yè)邁向農(nóng)業(yè)4.0時代的重要一步。 

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