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雛形初現(xiàn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化市場(chǎng)潛力有待挖掘

2017-11-11 13:42:32 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 作者：小虎牙 閱讀量：49650 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：勞動(dòng)人口老齡化問(wèn)題是迫使機(jī)械化迅速發(fā)展的主要原因，而經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的種植又不同于糧食作物的種植，程序繁瑣而復(fù)雜,需要大量的人力，對(duì)于勞動(dòng)力短缺的現(xiàn)狀來(lái)說(shuō)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化的需求早就該提上日程。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 糧食作物是關(guān)乎國(guó)計(jì)民生和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的重要戰(zhàn)略物資，也是人民群眾基本的生活資料和主要的食物來(lái)源，因此國(guó)家大力推行糧食作物全程機(jī)械化策略，目前各地的糧食作物機(jī)械化程度均已達(dá)到相當(dāng)高的程度，然而在糧食作物機(jī)械化迅速發(fā)展的時(shí)期，經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的機(jī)械化問(wèn)題卻被忽略。如果說(shuō)糧食作物機(jī)械化問(wèn)題是上升到糧食安全的國(guó)家性問(wèn)題，那么經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化問(wèn)題則是關(guān)乎人民群眾生活的社會(huì)性問(wèn)題。
 
　　勞動(dòng)人口老齡化問(wèn)題是迫使機(jī)械化迅速發(fā)展的主要原因，而經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的種植又不同于糧食作物的種植，程序繁瑣而復(fù)雜,需要大量的人力，對(duì)于勞動(dòng)力短缺的現(xiàn)狀來(lái)說(shuō)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化的需求早就該提上日程。
 
　　近年來(lái)對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化的呼聲也甚囂塵上，這是目前行業(yè)內(nèi)持續(xù)受關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)，也是行業(yè)發(fā)展的短板。對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)作物占了種植業(yè)半壁江山的大部分省市來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化發(fā)展是大勢(shì)所趨，好處也自是不必多說(shuō)。
 
雛形初現(xiàn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化市場(chǎng)潛力有待挖掘
 
　　經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)可有效提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低生產(chǎn)成本。傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的種植方式不僅要消耗大量的人力，在效率上也是相當(dāng)?shù)?，而機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)不僅可以節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力，降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，還能大大提高勞動(dòng)效率。有數(shù)據(jù)顯示，花生播種收獲機(jī)作業(yè)效率是人工的20倍左右，馬鈴薯播種收獲機(jī)械化作業(yè)效率是人工的30倍左右；大蒜、生姜機(jī)械化收獲效率是人工的60倍左右。相信看了這數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)在效率上的優(yōu)勢(shì)已無(wú)需其它的贅述。
 
　　經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)能促進(jìn)作物增產(chǎn)。用播種機(jī)播種的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物由于能夠保墑保溫，因此能提高出苗率，而機(jī)械采收可以延長(zhǎng)作物的生長(zhǎng)期，并降低收獲的破損率，能夠切實(shí)達(dá)到增產(chǎn)增收的效果，用一組數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)佐證：花生機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)平均每畝可增產(chǎn)40kg，馬鈴薯機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)平均每畝可增產(chǎn)250kg，大蒜機(jī)械化收獲平均每畝可增產(chǎn)50kg，生姜機(jī)械化收獲平均每畝可增產(chǎn)300kg。
 
　　經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化能起到節(jié)本增收的作用。舉個(gè)例子，花生每畝人工播種收獲需費(fèi)用125元，機(jī)械作業(yè)需100元，其中包括機(jī)手純收益40元，機(jī)具作業(yè)成本約60元，也就是說(shuō)，花生種收機(jī)械化作業(yè)每畝可比人工種收節(jié)約支出25元。
 
　　就目前的現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看，經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的耕種環(huán)節(jié)已基本實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)，而關(guān)鍵的采收環(huán)節(jié)則發(fā)展緩慢，成了機(jī)械化耕種收環(huán)節(jié)中薄弱的一環(huán)，而我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的種植面積正在逐年提高，多種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的種植面積、年產(chǎn)量以及出口量均居于世界前列，雖然機(jī)械化耕種已初具規(guī)模，但還處于初級(jí)階段，市場(chǎng)需求依然有巨大的潛力可待挖掘。
 
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