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中國(guó)生姜機(jī)械化發(fā)展情況如何？

2017-11-16 16:15:58 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：38635 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：生姜是一個(gè)可全年供貨的利基產(chǎn)品，并且隨著歐洲對(duì)養(yǎng)生保健品越來(lái)越重視，對(duì)生姜的需求也逐漸增加。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】生姜是一個(gè)可全年供貨的利基產(chǎn)品，并且隨著歐洲對(duì)養(yǎng)生保健品越來(lái)越重視，對(duì)生姜的需求也逐漸增加。中國(guó)是一個(gè)生姜種植大國(guó)，產(chǎn)量直接影響著的生姜市場(chǎng)，但中國(guó)并不是種植生姜的國(guó)家，市場(chǎng)上流行的生姜除了中國(guó)姜以外，還有美姜(秘魯，智利等國(guó))。
 

　　長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，秘魯生姜被認(rèn)為跟中國(guó)姜很相似，但是秘魯貿(mào)易商否認(rèn)了這一點(diǎn)。他認(rèn)為兩國(guó)生姜大的不同是，中國(guó)是機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)，而秘魯多數(shù)還是手工操作。那么，在中國(guó)生姜機(jī)械化水平如何？
 
　　“世界生姜看中國(guó)，中國(guó)生姜看萊蕪。”山東萊蕪在1997年就被命名為“中國(guó)生姜之鄉(xiāng)”，也是2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)產(chǎn)品。國(guó)家建立特色蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系綜合試驗(yàn)站后，為萊蕪市生姜產(chǎn)業(yè)的科技研發(fā)注入了強(qiáng)勁動(dòng)力，促進(jìn)萊蕪市特色蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展再上新臺(tái)階。
 
　　生姜生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械主要有耕整、播種、植保、排灌、收獲和初加工機(jī)械等。其中，耕整、植保和排灌機(jī)械可以與其他作物通用，但種植、收獲機(jī)以及洗姜機(jī)械要按照生姜生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)藝要求進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)研制。國(guó)內(nèi)專(zhuān)門(mén)生產(chǎn)生姜機(jī)械的企業(yè)少之又少，在中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)商城中搜索到的可與大蔥通用的培土機(jī)和開(kāi)溝機(jī)較多，但是相比拖拉機(jī)產(chǎn)品還是顯得力量單薄。
 
　　而生姜收獲機(jī)產(chǎn)品就更少了，并且相比于其他花生、大蒜、薯類(lèi)收獲機(jī)的價(jià)格也較高。但是，用生姜收獲機(jī)代替人工，每畝可降低作業(yè)成本200元，同時(shí)生姜機(jī)械收獲還可延長(zhǎng)生姜生長(zhǎng)期7-10天，畝平均增產(chǎn)100公斤左右，增產(chǎn)增收的效益很明顯。“過(guò)去收獲生姜，收一畝地，倆人還要忙活五六天，現(xiàn)在用上了生姜收獲機(jī)，只需一袋煙的功夫，一畝生姜便完完整整地挖出來(lái)，省力又省錢(qián)。”萊蕪市一生姜種植戶(hù)說(shuō)道。
 
　　生姜收獲機(jī)是生姜生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中機(jī)械的短板，但由于市場(chǎng)空白較大，也被認(rèn)為是先進(jìn)的收獲機(jī)械。2001年開(kāi)始，萊蕪農(nóng)機(jī)局就致力于生姜生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的研究和推廣，如今，生姜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)初見(jiàn)成效，從耕整地、開(kāi)溝、培土、覆膜到收獲，已經(jīng)形成了一整套機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式。
 
　　今年6月，萊蕪農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械技術(shù)推廣站承擔(dān)的“生姜機(jī)械化收獲驗(yàn)證示范項(xiàng)目”通過(guò)了省級(jí)鑒定驗(yàn)收。且項(xiàng)目組制定的《生姜機(jī)械化收獲驗(yàn)證機(jī)具評(píng)價(jià)辦法》內(nèi)容齊全、指標(biāo)合理、評(píng)價(jià)方法科學(xué)、可操作性強(qiáng)，形成的驗(yàn)證報(bào)告對(duì)生姜收獲機(jī)械的先進(jìn)性、適應(yīng)性、和安全性進(jìn)行了客觀評(píng)價(jià)，提出的選型建議對(duì)省乃至全國(guó)生姜機(jī)械化收獲具有指導(dǎo)作用。鑒定驗(yàn)收委員會(huì)一致認(rèn)為，研究提出的生姜機(jī)械化收獲“三性”驗(yàn)證評(píng)價(jià)方法居國(guó)內(nèi)水平。
 
　　中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)（tmpdc.cn）整理發(fā)布，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。
 
　　資料來(lái)源，山東萊蕪

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