今年的政策性農業(yè)保險你購買了嗎？

2017-11-21 13:34:48 來源：中國農機網 作者：秋雨 閱讀量：51556 評論

　　【中國農機網 本站原創(chuàng)】你會給自己買保險嗎？你會給你的車買保險嗎？你會給你種的糧食買保險嗎？
 
　　11月17日,第七屆農業(yè)保險論壇在成都舉行。會上提出，國家應當進一步健全農業(yè)保險機制,提高農業(yè)保險服務的質量和效應，完善農業(yè)保險的基層服務體系，支持保險機構委托基層財政、農業(yè)、林業(yè)協助辦理農業(yè)保險業(yè)務；保險機構應該扎根農村不斷提高服務水平，增加商業(yè)保險和互助保險合作，實現農業(yè)風險、經營風險、巨災風險三個維度有效保障等論點。
 

　　自然風險和市場風險讓農業(yè)保險有了必要性
 
　　2017年8月，正值南方中稻抽穗灌漿、晚稻分蘗的關鍵時期，第14號臺風“帕卡”登錄廣東等地，農業(yè)部高度重視，緊急部署第14號臺風“帕卡”防御工作；9月下旬，三亞晚稻白葉枯、細菌性條斑病等病害總體偏重發(fā)生，市農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心利用“2017年三亞市農業(yè)救災補助項目” 資金，專門組織植保無人機為農戶無償防治水稻病蟲害；今年10月初，中部等地緊羅密布進入秋收繁忙季，但多地出現了連續(xù)的陰雨天氣，這使得秋收不得不“見晴搶收”，并且還增加了秋收秋種的難度。
 
　　因此，在面對洪水、旱災、臺風、病蟲害等自然災害給我國農業(yè)造成巨大損失的時候，國家會出臺相應的指導應對措施，或者救濟部分損失。但是，我國農業(yè)救濟并不是一個制度化的措施，也就是說能否得到國家的救濟補貼還存在著不確定性，并且政策出臺較慢。2017年9月，國家四部門(財政部、農業(yè)部、水利部、國土資源部)聯合印發(fā)《中央財政農業(yè)生產救災及特大防汛抗旱補助資金管理辦法》指出，資金主要應用于自然災害預防、生物災害防控、特大防汛抗旱等，但對于其他農業(yè)生產災害不太全面，比如臺風對農業(yè)的損失救濟，并沒有具體，這使得農業(yè)生產和收入的穩(wěn)定又大打折扣。
 
　　并且，我國農業(yè)分布較散，多為家庭制農業(yè)生產，在面對農業(yè)災害時，大多數農民都很難獨自承擔的起自然災害造成的損失。
 
　　政策性保險制度力挽農業(yè)災害損失
 
　　2008年黨的十七屆三中全會指出，要積極探索適合我國國情的政策性農業(yè)保險經營機制和發(fā)展模式，還要加快建立農業(yè)再保險和巨災風險分散機制。由于農業(yè)災害往往存在大面積干旱、臺風等巨災造成的系統性大風險的特點，人為并不可控，有屬于公共災害的部分特點，因此農業(yè)保險也不同于其他一般保險，更多的需要政府的支持和推進。
 
　　2016年底，財政部印發(fā)《中央財政農業(yè)保險保費補貼管理辦法》，對2017年農業(yè)保險保費補貼政策、方案、保障、管理等方面都做出了詳細規(guī)定。2017年中央一號文件明確提出要“持續(xù)推進農業(yè)保險擴面、贈品、提標開發(fā)滿足新型農業(yè)經營主體需求的保險產品”。
 
　　雖然國家制定補貼險的種類、比例及方案，但我國土地遼闊，農業(yè)發(fā)展狀況和面臨的災害風險各不相同，如海南臺風災害較多，西南泥石流等災害較多，中原及北部較干旱、畜禽等災害較多等，因此各省市農業(yè)保險的品種、范圍、保費及賠償金都會有所區(qū)別。
 
　　發(fā)展迅速但問題依然尖銳
 
　　從現在到2020年是我國全面建成小康社會的決勝期，農業(yè)保險在這中間扮演著重要角色。雖然，自2007年中央財政實施我國農業(yè)保險保費補貼政策以來，農業(yè)保險發(fā)展迅速，2016年我國農業(yè)保險保費規(guī)模已達到417.71億元，但我國的農業(yè)風險保障水平同發(fā)達國家相比仍十分落后，農業(yè)保險實際覆蓋面積仍十分狹窄。
 
　　隨著我國農業(yè)保險業(yè)務逐步擴大，能夠承擔的風險也不斷累積，因此，加快建立健全農業(yè)再保險體系成為迫切需求。相應的，農業(yè)保險相關法規(guī)的不健全，使得商業(yè)性農險的高收費與農民的低收入之間存在的高差距矛盾依然會成為一個尖銳的問題。
 
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