糧食豐收靠的是全程機(jī)械化

—————今年秋分即將迎來屬于農(nóng)民自己的豐收節(jié)
2018-06-22 08:38:51 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：51483 評(píng)論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 近日，國務(wù)院同意了農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部關(guān)于設(shè)立“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”的申請(qǐng)，決定自2018年起，將每年農(nóng)歷秋分設(shè)立為“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”，這是在國家層面為農(nóng)民設(shè)立的節(jié)日。
 
　　今年是我國實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的開局之年，而今年夏糧生產(chǎn)也迎來了一個(gè)豐收年。目前，全國近九成的小麥已收獲完畢，收獲面積達(dá)30041萬畝。其中，機(jī)收面積達(dá)到28699萬畝，機(jī)收比例95.5%。“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”的設(shè)立不僅是對(duì)農(nóng)民辛勤勞作的致敬，更是對(duì)糧食豐收的肯定。在以前，糧食豐收離不開農(nóng)民的辛勤勞作?，F(xiàn)在，在農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化步伐越來越快的道路上，糧食豐收離不開全程機(jī)械化。
 
　　“靠天吃飯”延續(xù)了幾千年
 
　　我國作為四大文明古國之一，燦爛的農(nóng)耕文明是中華民族的起源。農(nóng)業(yè)自古以來就是一個(gè)國家的基礎(chǔ)，糧食安全都是放在經(jīng)濟(jì)*的。然而，幾千年來，農(nóng)業(yè)都擺脫不了“靠天吃飯”的困境。由于農(nóng)業(yè)自身的限制，農(nóng)作物從種植、生長到收獲、晾曬，都要受到天氣的影響，風(fēng)調(diào)雨順，則農(nóng)業(yè)豐收；氣候失調(diào)、干旱，則會(huì)導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)歉收。
 
　　在中華民族的很長一段歷史中，農(nóng)業(yè)整體生產(chǎn)工具落后、經(jīng)營方式落后，加上技術(shù)、種子、肥料、水利基本建設(shè)等基本要素低劣；各地江河水患頻發(fā)，,旱、澇、蝗災(zāi)害每年不斷；農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)主要靠的是人力(肩挑手抬)和少量的畜力，全國90%的耕地不能灌溉，鹽堿、澇洼地和荒坡成片。農(nóng)民完全是“靠天吃飯”，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量極低，畝產(chǎn)一般只有二、三百斤。農(nóng)民吃糠咽菜和逃荒要飯、賣兒鬻女的現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)普遍。這樣的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)就這樣延續(xù)了幾千年。
 
　　告別“面朝黃土背朝天”
 
　　自新中國成立后，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的一步步發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和農(nóng)田水利的逐步完善，讓農(nóng)業(yè)不再完全受制于氣候；進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后，農(nóng)業(yè)全程、全面機(jī)械化水平進(jìn)一步提高，精量播種、化肥深施、植保、秸稈還田、深松整地等農(nóng)機(jī)化新技術(shù)應(yīng)用面積不斷擴(kuò)大，農(nóng)機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化作業(yè)程度進(jìn)一步提高。集收獲、耕整、播種于一體的機(jī)械化復(fù)式作業(yè)應(yīng)用范圍也在逐步擴(kuò)大，農(nóng)業(yè)搶收搶種能力和農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力在進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化已經(jīng)讓農(nóng)民告別了“面朝黃土背朝天”的艱苦狀態(tài)，同時(shí)也節(jié)約了勞動(dòng)成本、大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率和農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量。
 
　　打通糧食生產(chǎn)“后一公里”
 
　　和糧食作物的種植、生長、收獲相比，糧食曬干似乎對(duì)天氣的依賴性更大。若糧食收獲后遭遇連綿陰雨，則可能直接導(dǎo)致糧食“豐產(chǎn)不豐收”。所以作為糧食處理的“后一公里”，糧食烘干機(jī)械就顯得尤為重要了。在市場(chǎng)需求的刺激和國家補(bǔ)貼政策的支持下，近兩年我國糧食烘干機(jī)行業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，年均增速在50%以上，已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的重要增長點(diǎn)。糧食烘干機(jī)械化不僅可以使糧食完全擺脫天氣的制約、大幅提高勞動(dòng)效率，而且能保障糧食品質(zhì)和安全，這是符合我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展道路的，也是實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　在科技日益發(fā)展的今天，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)正在以肉眼可見的速度飛快發(fā)展著，科技農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)讓糧食豐收、讓農(nóng)民增收。在筆者看來，“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”的設(shè)立映射出中國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化產(chǎn)業(yè)騰飛的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)，在此基礎(chǔ)上，未來農(nóng)業(yè)會(huì)更加和智能。
 
 

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