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親土種植下的耕地土壤保護在行動

2018-08-06 15:00:00 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：25405 評論

導讀：作為傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)大國，傳承數(shù)千年的農(nóng)業(yè)形態(tài)在我們的日常生活中占據(jù)著重要地位，而土壤則一向是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展至關重要的要素之一。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】作為傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)大國，傳承數(shù)千年的農(nóng)業(yè)形態(tài)在我們的日常生活中占據(jù)著重要地位，而土壤則一向是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展至關重要的要素之一。
 
　　土壤主要是指地球表面的一層疏松的物質(zhì)，由各種顆粒狀礦物質(zhì)、有機物質(zhì)、水分、空氣、微生物等組成，能生長植物，而人類的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動以稻、麥、玉米、大豆等一年生草本農(nóng)作物代替天然植被，改變了土壤的結構、保水性、通氣性，終將自然土壤改造成為各種耕作土壤。
 
　　在此過程中，由于違反自然成土過程的規(guī)律，一些破壞良田土層的錯誤做法造成了土壤退化。據(jù)報道，目前我國受鎘、砷、鉻、鉛等重金屬污染的耕地面積近 2000 萬公頃，約占總耕地面積的 1/5，其中工業(yè)“三廢”污染耕地 1000 萬公頃，污水灌溉的農(nóng)田面積已達 330 多萬公頃。此外，全國有 1300～1600 萬公頃耕地受到農(nóng)藥的污染。
 
　　土壤污染導致嚴重的直接經(jīng)濟損失——農(nóng)作物的污染、減產(chǎn)。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動與土壤狀況息息相關，肥沃的土壤為農(nóng)業(yè)種植提供了便利，而反過來農(nóng)業(yè)種植同樣對土壤有著重要的影響作用。近年來，我國越來越推崇親土種植模式，采取對土壤“親和、友好”的方式來開展種植作業(yè)，實現(xiàn)作物高產(chǎn)和耕地質(zhì)量提升兩大目標。對于人多地少的中國而言，親土種植兼顧了耕地質(zhì)量與農(nóng)業(yè)豐產(chǎn)。
 
　　甘肅：啟動耕地土壤質(zhì)量長期定位觀測監(jiān)測工作
 
　　近年來甘肅省糧食連年豐收，同時也付出了很大的環(huán)境和資源代價，部分地區(qū)已出現(xiàn)土壤肥力下降、地膜殘留污染等土壤質(zhì)量問題。
 
　　為此，甘肅省耕地土壤質(zhì)量長期定位觀測監(jiān)測工作日前正式啟動，通過對土壤肥力、土壤環(huán)境等數(shù)據(jù)的觀測、收集、整理和分析應用，指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)預測，促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。此外，開展土壤質(zhì)量長期定位觀測監(jiān)測工作，還可積累和應用農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)，指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)預測和預警，為甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供科技支撐。
 
　　新疆兵團：土地整治監(jiān)測監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)獲國家計算機軟件著作權
 
　　新疆兵團土地整治監(jiān)測監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)用系統(tǒng)整合遙感數(shù)據(jù)、現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)、項目數(shù)據(jù)等信息，充分進行數(shù)據(jù)融合，形成大數(shù)據(jù)，對高標準農(nóng)田項目進行多項對比，多維度、多手段的監(jiān)管，達到“天、地、網(wǎng)”一體信息化管理。日前，新疆兵團土地整治監(jiān)測監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)獲得國家版權局計算機軟件著作權證書。
 
　　該系統(tǒng)自2016年9月正式投入運行，運行兩年來，通過系統(tǒng)整合應用，進一步強化了高標準農(nóng)田項目監(jiān)管，改善了監(jiān)管方式，提升了工作效率，做到建設項目問題早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早解決，保障項目質(zhì)量，確保項目發(fā)揮效用。
 
　　廣西：制定土壤污染防治攻堅三年作戰(zhàn)方案
 
　　廣西日前制定了土壤污染防治攻堅三年作戰(zhàn)方案，目標到2020年，全區(qū)受污染耕地安全利用率達到79%左右；土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體保持穩(wěn)定并逐步改善；洋垃圾零進口，工業(yè)固體廢物綜合利用率達到71%，危險廢物全過程監(jiān)管體系基本建立。
 
　　作戰(zhàn)任務主要由六方面組成：開展土壤環(huán)境基礎工作、推進農(nóng)用地分類管理、嚴格建設用地準入管理、加強土壤污染綜合防治先行區(qū)建設、實施土壤(重金屬)污染風險管控與修復治理工程、實施危險廢物固體廢物管控工程。
 
　　黑龍江：印發(fā)黑土耕地保護三年行動計劃
 
　　無*偶，黑龍江省日前也制定了黑土耕地保護三年行動計劃，計劃以保障土地資源安全、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)安全為目標，把推進農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展擺在更加突出位置，打好凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，加強農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量建設，改善黑土耕地設施條件、內(nèi)在質(zhì)量、生態(tài)環(huán)境，切實保護好黑土地這一珍貴資源。
 
　　計劃主要圍繞耕地保護工程、耕地質(zhì)量提升工程、農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治工程、水利化建設工程、農(nóng)機化建設工程、田間配套建設工程、農(nóng)業(yè)信息化工程以及農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)建設工程等八大重點工程展開。
 
　　此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：新華社、中國新聞網(wǎng)、北極星環(huán)保網(wǎng)，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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