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什么才是實現(xiàn)農藥大減量的秘密武器？

2018-09-06 16:36:43 來源：中國農機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：50899 評論

導讀：從“十三五”開始，農業(yè)農村部大力開展化肥農藥使用量零增長行動以來，我國的化肥、農藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，提前實現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農藥使用量零增長的目標。其中，我國主要農作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達到25.2%，農藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降，且目前主要糧食作物農藥利用率為36.6%，比2013年提高了1.6個百分點。

　　【中國農機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 從“十三五”開始，農業(yè)農村部大力開展化肥農藥使用量零增長行動以來，我國的化肥、農藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，提前實現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農藥使用量零增長的目標。其中，我國主要農作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達到25.2%，農藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降，且目前主要糧食作物農藥利用率為36.6%，比2013年提高了1.6個百分點。
 
　　在我國農藥使用量逐年減量的前提下，糧食產量卻逐年豐收，這與近年來迅速發(fā)展的植保機械有著很大的關系，其中大型的地面植保裝備——植保噴霧機功勞顯著。
 
　　噴桿噴霧機——大型農田植保的“御前侍衛(wèi)”
 
　　噴霧機按施用對象大體可以分為田間植保噴霧機和果園噴霧機，其中田間植保噴霧機以噴桿式噴霧機為主流，又細分為自走式、牽引式和懸掛式。
 
　　自走式噴桿噴霧機具有機動性和方便性好、作業(yè)效率高等優(yōu)點，與拖拉機配套機具相比，離地間隙較高，能滿足棉花、大豆、油菜和玉米等作物生長中后期的病蟲害防治需要。隨著農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展和生產經(jīng)營方式的規(guī)?；l(fā)展，自走式噴桿噴霧機的前景廣闊，目前主要在國有農場和大型農機合作社應用較多；牽引式和懸掛式噴桿噴霧機移動方便、噴幅寬、噴灑均勻、效率高，是一種理想的大田作物植保機械，在東北地區(qū)被廣泛使用。

　　總的來說，大型噴桿噴霧機效率高，每天可作業(yè)千余畝地，更適合大面積平原地區(qū)。尤其東北地區(qū)作為我國的重要糧倉，地域廣闊、氣候類型多樣，耕地面積4.65億畝，占全國耕地面積的22.9%。噴桿噴霧機是東北地區(qū)理想的大田作物植保機械，因此，在東北地區(qū)地區(qū)有著廣闊的市場前景。
 
　　技術落后二、三十年——向農業(yè)靠攏
 
　　中國農業(yè)大學藥械與施藥技術研究中心主任、中國農業(yè)大學何雄奎教授曾坦言，我國噴桿式噴霧機和發(fā)達國家相比現(xiàn)狀并不樂觀，至少落后20～30年，主要是缺乏相關標準與技術作業(yè)規(guī)范，達不到歐美發(fā)達國家每一臺噴桿噴霧機都能實現(xiàn)智能電控自動化作業(yè)的要求。何雄奎解釋，從整體上來講，我國植保機械性能和施藥技術水平落后，無法滿足當今農業(yè)生產和環(huán)境保護的要求，還需要進一步努力才能趕上發(fā)達國家水平。
 
　　據(jù)了解，歐洲發(fā)達國家的噴桿式噴霧機每臺機器上都安裝了控制系統(tǒng)，而且藥和水的配比是有標準可循的，這樣可以實現(xiàn)均勻施藥、變量施藥，真正做到“農業(yè)”。近年來，我國植保噴霧機械發(fā)展的主要成就還是將農民從費時費力的人工打藥作業(yè)中解放了出來，而未達到“作業(yè)”。
 
　　當前，為適應我國農藥“減量提效”的綠色農業(yè)發(fā)展目標，我國植保機械應從減輕勞動強度、提高作業(yè)效率向更加的方向發(fā)展，這也順應我國農業(yè)向農業(yè)、智慧農業(yè)方向發(fā)展的目標。
 
　　末尾小彩蛋
 
　　植保噴霧機和植保無人機打起來啦！兩機相爭，你pick誰？ 戳鏈接→農用植保領域的無人機和噴霧機，你pick哪種？

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