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【關注】玉米南方銹病防控技術指導意見
2024-08-16
10:53:05
來源:全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量:13101
評論
導讀:據(jù)預測,今年玉米南方銹病在黃淮海玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)偏重至大發(fā)生,全國預計發(fā)生面積8000萬畝,發(fā)生流行盛期為8月中旬至9月下旬。
【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 玉米南方銹病是一種由多堆柄銹菌引起的真菌病害,病原菌主要在南方玉米周年種植區(qū)越冬,夏季隨氣流和風雨由南向北以夏孢子長距離傳播,主要危害葉片、葉鞘,嚴重時也可侵染苞葉和雄穗。最適發(fā)病溫度為24—28℃,且田間相對濕度高時流行迅速。近年來玉米南方銹病呈發(fā)生范圍擴大、危害程度加重趨勢。據(jù)預測,今年玉米南方銹病在黃淮海玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)偏重至大發(fā)生,全國預計發(fā)生面積8000萬畝,發(fā)生流行盛期為8月中旬至9月下旬,嚴重威脅玉米生產(chǎn)安全。為加強玉米南方銹病防控,特制定本意見。
防控策略
玉米南方銹病可防、可控,必須堅持“預防為主、綜合防治”的原則,加強健康栽培和田間管理,以保功能葉、促灌漿、保產(chǎn)量為目標,抓住大喇叭口至吐絲期的關鍵窗口期,結(jié)合秋糧作物“一噴多促”,及時選用對路藥劑進行預防控制。
防控技術
(一)科學選藥防治。根據(jù)玉米南方銹病應急防治推薦用藥名單,在發(fā)病初期選用吡唑醚菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯·氟環(huán)唑、醚菌酯·氟環(huán)唑、嘧菌酯·戊唑醇、丙環(huán)唑·嘧菌酯、氯氟醚菌唑·吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌酯·戊唑醇等藥劑,按照標簽推薦使用劑量葉面噴霧防治,視發(fā)病嚴重度、氣候因素,隔7—10天再次施藥防治。施藥時可添加氨基寡糖素等免疫誘抗劑或蕓苔素內(nèi)酯、三十烷醇、噻苯隆、蕓苔素內(nèi)酯、胺鮮酯、二氫卟吩鐵等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,促進玉米植株恢復生長,提高抗病、抗倒伏、抗逆能力。
(二)安全高效施藥。合理選用施藥器械,優(yōu)先選用植保無人飛機等航空植保器械噴灑作業(yè),作業(yè)時環(huán)境風速應小于3級,畝噴液量1.5—3升,并在藥液中添加植物油類、有機硅類和高分子聚合物類的沉降劑、抗蒸發(fā)劑等適宜飛防的助劑,根據(jù)株高和種植密度調(diào)整噴液量,確保整株葉面均勻噴霧。施藥時間盡量避開中午高溫時段,選擇在上午9點前或下午4點后進行,遇風力大于3級以上或下雨天氣,應停止施藥。作業(yè)人員應穿戴必要的防護用品,避開噴霧下風位,嚴禁在施藥區(qū)穿行,作業(yè)時禁止吸煙及飲食。
防控要求
(一)強化責任落實。充分認識抓好玉米南方銹病防控對保障玉米穩(wěn)產(chǎn)豐收的重要作用,切實落實“政府主導、屬地負責”防控工作機制,立足預防、抓早治小,加強組織領導,細化防控措施,確保防控工作有力有序開展。
(二)強化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。結(jié)合秋糧作物“一噴多促”,通過購買服務等方式,充分發(fā)揮各類專業(yè)化、社會化服務組織作用,大力推行統(tǒng)一施藥噴防作業(yè),切實提升玉米南方銹病防控時效性、組織化程度和科學化水平。
(三)強化指導服務。各級植保機構應加強監(jiān)測調(diào)查,明確玉米南方銹病發(fā)生危害情況,細化技術措施,突出把好選藥、用藥關,關鍵時期深入一線開展指導服務,確保防控技術措施落實到田。
(四)強化宣傳引導。充分利用電視、廣播、報刊、網(wǎng)絡、微信公眾號等媒體平臺,以及發(fā)放明白紙、技術培訓、田間觀摩等多種形式,廣泛宣傳玉米南方銹病危害的嚴重性和防控的必要性,普及病害防控知識技能,提高種植戶防治的積極性、主動性。
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