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加速農(nóng)業(yè)機械化向經(jīng)濟作物拓展,湖南省油菜全程機械化生產(chǎn)有望5年后達約70%

2019-05-15 16:59:04 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:40572 評論

導(dǎo)讀:隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)進入機械化主導(dǎo)新階段,當(dāng)前我國小麥、水稻、玉米三大主糧的綜合機械化水平較高,但是棉油糖、果菜茶等經(jīng)濟作物的綜合機械化水平依然較低。接下來,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)加速農(nóng)業(yè)機械化從糧食作物向經(jīng)濟作物拓展,促進全面全程機械化發(fā)展。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)進入機械化主導(dǎo)新階段,當(dāng)前我國小麥、水稻、玉米三大主糧的綜合機械化水平較高,但是棉油糖、果菜茶等經(jīng)濟作物的綜合機械化水平依然較低。接下來,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)加速農(nóng)業(yè)機械化從糧食作物向經(jīng)濟作物拓展,促進全面全程機械化發(fā)展。
 

        湖南省:油菜全程機械化生產(chǎn)有望5年后達70%左右
 
  5月10日,由湖南省農(nóng)科院、湖南省農(nóng)機事務(wù)中心聯(lián)合主辦的“油菜綠色、、機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)集成示范”現(xiàn)場觀摩會在瀏陽市古港鎮(zhèn)梅田湖村舉行。來自省內(nèi)外12家廠商的22臺農(nóng)業(yè)機械化器具,在150畝油菜田和水田上“大顯身手”。
 
  此次現(xiàn)場觀摩會展示了“稻+油菜”兩熟種植模式下油菜全程機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、水稻機械化播種技術(shù)、適合機械化生產(chǎn)的油菜品種、油菜生產(chǎn)農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝融合技術(shù)以及油菜產(chǎn)品加工技術(shù)等。其中,湖南省作物研究所選育的灃油系列油菜品種引人注目,其新科研成果雜交油菜新品種灃油320,全生育期低于176.1天,株高165厘米左右,試驗中畝產(chǎn)141.84千克,含油量40.35%,非常適合機械化種植。
 
  目前,在瀏陽市古港鎮(zhèn)梅田湖村,灃油系列適合機械化的品種及全程機械化示范面積2000畝,實收部分田塊測產(chǎn)平均畝產(chǎn)達139公斤,比示范區(qū)周邊平均畝產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)20公斤左右,減少用工4個左右,畝增效益200元以上。“湖南將力爭用5年左右的時間,使油菜全程機械化生產(chǎn)達70%左右。”湖南省農(nóng)機事務(wù)中心主任龔昕說。
 
  海南?。和七M甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化,實現(xiàn)全產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效
 
  為了推進海南省甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化水平,降低甘蔗生產(chǎn)成本,提高甘蔗生產(chǎn)效率,日前,由海南省甘蔗學(xué)會、海南省糖業(yè)協(xié)會聯(lián)合主辦,中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院熱帶生物研究所和國家糖料產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系儋州綜合試驗站承辦的“甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化技術(shù)現(xiàn)場觀摩會”在臨高縣皇桐鎮(zhèn)中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院甘蔗試驗基地召開?,F(xiàn)場會議內(nèi)容包括專家講解,甘蔗機械化種植、宿根管理和收獲等方面的演示,以及新品種的展示等。
 
  會上,海南省農(nóng)機鑒定推廣站書記王文對目前海南甘蔗生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,對比我國廣西、云南、廣東等蔗區(qū)的情況,他說:“海南省甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)效益低,主要問題在于生產(chǎn)機械化程度低,人工成本過高。發(fā)展海南甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)和制糖業(yè),必需依靠甘蔗機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的研發(fā)推廣應(yīng)用。”
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組成員、國家糖料產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系崗位專家、中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院甘蔗研究中心主任楊本鵬強調(diào),海南的甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)只要重視優(yōu)良品種,推廣生產(chǎn)管理方法,依靠全程機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù),就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)“噸糖田”,實現(xiàn)全產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效,制糖企業(yè)扭虧增盈也是指日可待。為此,楊本鵬帶領(lǐng)他的團隊經(jīng)過8年的辛勤付出,終于選育出了5個適合海南省氣候、土壤條件,且適合機械化種植、田管和收獲,同時也高產(chǎn)、高糖、宿根性好、抗性優(yōu)良的“中糖”系列甘蔗新品種,目前中糖1、2號已獲農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部甘蔗新品登記,中糖3、4、5號也正在進行甘蔗新品種登記的前期工作。
 
  安徽省巢湖市:對油菜生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范片進行測產(chǎn)
 
  2019年5月10日,安徽省巢湖市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局組織技術(shù)人員(來自農(nóng)機推廣站和農(nóng)技推廣中心),對2018-2019年2個油菜生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范片進行測產(chǎn)。經(jīng)測算,巢湖市蘇灣鎮(zhèn)豐潤家庭農(nóng)場示范片畝產(chǎn)244.37公斤,巢湖市欄桿集鎮(zhèn)綠園生態(tài)家庭農(nóng)場示范片畝產(chǎn)238.25公斤。
 
  2018-2019年,巢湖市建立4個油菜生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范片,合計面積596畝。多年來,巢湖市立足實現(xiàn)油菜生產(chǎn)全程機械化,補齊油菜機械化生產(chǎn)薄弱環(huán)節(jié),重點推廣油菜機械化種植技術(shù),經(jīng)過多年的不斷努力,油菜生產(chǎn)機械化水平取得了長足發(fā)展。在整個油菜生產(chǎn)機械化示范片創(chuàng)建過程中,先后運用了機械耕整地技術(shù)、秸稈機械化還田技術(shù)、油菜種植機化技術(shù)、油菜植保機械化技術(shù)和油菜機械化收獲技術(shù)等技術(shù),基本實現(xiàn)全程機械化,加上科學(xué)管理,取得油菜大豐收,達到了節(jié)本增效目的。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,部分資料來源:湖南日報、農(nóng)機鑒定推廣總站信息處、安徽省巢湖市農(nóng)機推廣站,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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