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機(jī)械化助力常州油菜單產(chǎn)再創(chuàng)新高

2023-05-18 09:41:44 來(lái)源：江蘇省常州市農(nóng)機(jī)推廣站 閱讀量：13678 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：今年常州市多次組織油菜機(jī)械化種植培訓(xùn)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀(guān)摩，示范油菜毯苗移栽及飛播等新技術(shù)，涌現(xiàn)出一批油菜種植能手和高產(chǎn)典型，輻射帶動(dòng)全市大面積均衡增產(chǎn)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】今年江蘇省常州市油菜播種面積16.94萬(wàn)畝，較上年增2.06萬(wàn)畝。提高油菜產(chǎn)能必須堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U面積與提單產(chǎn)同步進(jìn)行，今年常州市多次組織油菜機(jī)械化種植培訓(xùn)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀(guān)摩，示范油菜毯苗移栽及飛播等新技術(shù)，涌現(xiàn)出一批油菜種植能手和高產(chǎn)典型，輻射帶動(dòng)全市大面積均衡增產(chǎn)。
 
　　據(jù)市農(nóng)業(yè)綜合技術(shù)推廣中心近日理論測(cè)產(chǎn)，溧陽(yáng)市南渡鎮(zhèn)慶豐村油菜示范片每畝株數(shù)19343 株，單株有效角果數(shù)214個(gè)，每角粒數(shù)23.7粒，千粒重3.5克，理論產(chǎn)量高達(dá)292公斤/畝(測(cè)產(chǎn)系數(shù)為0.85)，較大面積增產(chǎn)100公斤以上，預(yù)計(jì)實(shí)產(chǎn)有望創(chuàng)歷史新高。
 
　　溧陽(yáng)市南渡鎮(zhèn)慶豐村油菜示范片面積3300畝，集中連片，該示范片圍繞 “創(chuàng)高產(chǎn)”為核心目標(biāo)，做到“四個(gè)堅(jiān)持”：
 
　　一是堅(jiān)持智能化精細(xì)管理。示范片采用國(guó)內(nèi)先進(jìn)的激光平整地技術(shù)和北斗導(dǎo)航開(kāi)溝技術(shù)。激光平整地可解決土地平整難、灌水不勻的難題，最終達(dá)到節(jié)本增效的目的。北斗導(dǎo)航開(kāi)溝精準(zhǔn)定位，作業(yè)軌跡直線(xiàn)度好，做到內(nèi)外三溝相通，確保旱能灌、澇能排。
 
　　二是堅(jiān)持良種良法配套。復(fù)墾田油菜品種為秦優(yōu)28，10月5日采取免耕飛播，用種量0.3-0.35kg/畝，留苗量2-3萬(wàn)株/畝；肥料運(yùn)籌中基肥為復(fù)合肥(24-15-6)40kg/畝，早期追肥(30-0-5)15kg/畝，補(bǔ)施硼肥0.5kg/畝。
 
　　三是堅(jiān)持提高抗逆水平。堅(jiān)持播后芽前墑情適宜時(shí)，封殺化除；進(jìn)入抽薹期后針對(duì)性的用調(diào)節(jié)劑控制株高，開(kāi)花期及時(shí)防蟲(chóng)防病，促使植株健壯生長(zhǎng)。及時(shí)清溝理墑、疏通疏浚，確保灌排暢通，提高排澇降漬能力。
 
　　四是堅(jiān)持機(jī)械化分段收割。第一次收割是在油菜成熟到80%左右用割曬機(jī)割倒，晾曬3-5天，第二次采用油菜撿拾機(jī)脫粒。分段收割可以避免傳統(tǒng)油菜機(jī)械收割帶來(lái)的大量掉籽損耗，讓油菜“后熟”，使得油菜籽粒飽滿(mǎn)、含油率高，從而提高油菜產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)和效益。

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