嚴格把關資本下鄉(xiāng)，防范“熱投資、冷農民”

2019-09-19 17:00:56 來源：農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：44440 評論

　　【農機網 編輯視角】此前，農機網發(fā)布了文章《洪水猛獸還是謙謙君子？資本下鄉(xiāng)到底是富了農民還是肥了資本》收到了眾多網友評論，大多數人顯然對資本下鄉(xiāng)仍持質疑觀望態(tài)度。而一份圍繞四川省工商資本下鄉(xiāng)的調研數據也顯示，約有66.7%的人認為，工商資本下鄉(xiāng)并沒有使自己家庭的經濟狀況得到明顯改善，部分產業(yè)發(fā)展并未能反哺農民。
 
　　以下是部分網友評論：
 
　　@末代農民：“資本逐利，農民淳樸，無奸不商，你說奸商會白白讓利給農民嗎？”
 
　　@ifiot：“工業(yè)化時資本投資到煤，鋼鐵，鋁，銅，化工，賺得盆滿缽滿，環(huán)境污染嚴重，開始整治嚴查污染企業(yè)。資本轉到房地產，房價大漲，現在房價開始下滑。資本家的目標開始轉向農村，看來農副產品要大漲價了？用不起到住不起，快要吃不起了。”
 
　　.......
 
　　在文章中，農機網也提到了資本下鄉(xiāng)帶來的跑馬圈地、不事稼穡現象。在工商資本下鄉(xiāng)，推動城鄉(xiāng)要素自由流動、平等交換，解決農業(yè)發(fā)展資金瓶頸問題的同時，亂象也常見諸報道：申報項目后卻無心經營，以此謀取國家涉農補助和項目扶持資金；土地流轉者單方“毀約”中途棄耕“跑路”……
 
　　面對社會資本參與鄉(xiāng)村振興的過程中出現的“熱投資、冷農民”的現象，如何讓兩者實現雙贏是解決問題的關鍵。因此，嚴格把關工商資本下鄉(xiāng)、提高農民知曉參與度、建立利益分享增長機制顯得尤為重要。
 
　　做好守門人：嚴格把握資本下鄉(xiāng)的“三道檻”
 
　　制度檻：加強對資本下鄉(xiāng)的引導和監(jiān)督，《關于促進鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)振興的指導意見》，明確要提出有序引導工商資本下鄉(xiāng)，堅持互惠互利，優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境，引導工商資本到鄉(xiāng)村投資興辦農民參與度高、受益面廣的鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)，支持發(fā)展適合規(guī)?；s化經營的種養(yǎng)業(yè)。工商資本進入鄉(xiāng)村，要依法依規(guī)開發(fā)利用農業(yè)農村資源，不得違規(guī)占用耕地從事非農產業(yè)，不能侵害農民財產權益。
 
　　信貸檻：為鼓勵資本下鄉(xiāng)，加大對鄉(xiāng)村振興的支持力度，國家出臺了多項關于農村金融的稅收優(yōu)惠政策，如《關于進一步明確全面推開營改增試點金融業(yè)有關政策的通知》等文件，明確了三農金融事業(yè)部涉農貸款利息收入增值稅優(yōu)惠、金融機構涉農金融服務收入增值稅優(yōu)惠、普惠型涉農金融服務增值稅優(yōu)惠等優(yōu)惠政策，對促進資本下鄉(xiāng)和降低農村融資成本，起到了積極的推動作用。
 
　　風險檻：《關于做好整村流轉農戶承包地風險防范工作的通知》，要求各地正確認識整村流轉農戶承包地存在的風險，建立風險防范機制，對一些風險較高的項目，探索按照一定時限或按一定比例繳納風險保障金。同時，要求各地按照《農村土地承包法》規(guī)定，建立工商企業(yè)等社會資本通過流轉取得土地經營權的資格審查、項目審核和風險防范制度，對受讓方農業(yè)經營能力或者資質等作出明確規(guī)定。
 
　　提高農民知曉參與程度，建立利益分享增長機制
 
　　農民抗風險能力弱很大程度上是由于其市場信息接收渠道單一、信息流通速度慢、分析信息能力弱所導致的，提高農民知曉參與度，從根源上出發(fā)保障農民權益。
 
　　《關于加強城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)協商的意見》發(fā)布，指導各地按照協商于民、協商為民的要求，圍繞鄉(xiāng)村振興各項資金、項目落地等大力推進城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)協商，拓寬協商范圍和渠道，豐富協商內容和形式，充分保障農民群眾的知情權、參與權、表達權、監(jiān)督權，更好地發(fā)揮農民群眾的主體作用。
 
　　同時，隨著資本下鄉(xiāng)的愈演愈烈，越來越多的人意識到，工商資本下鄉(xiāng)很多時候其實本質是“熱投資、冷農民”，兩者之間的利益難以得到有效平衡。建立收益分享增長機制，資本與農民成為利益共同體，互利共贏。
 
　　2017年發(fā)布的《關于加快構建政策體系培育新型農業(yè)經營主體的意見》明確要求，進一步完善訂單帶動、利潤返還、股份合作等新型農業(yè)經營主體與農民的利益聯結機制，讓農民成為現代農業(yè)發(fā)展的參與者、受益者，防止被擠出、受損害。2019年發(fā)布《關于促進小農戶與現代農業(yè)發(fā)展有機銜接的意見》明確要求，鼓勵通過公司+農戶、公司+農民合作社+農戶等方式，延長產業(yè)鏈、保障供應鏈、完善利益鏈、將小農戶納入現代農業(yè)產業(yè)體系。
 
　　結語：“綠水青山，就是金山銀山”，這是要我們把農村自然資源轉變?yōu)楦邇r值、可持續(xù)開發(fā)資源，這可以通過工商資本來實現。與此同時，還需要注意不要讓“靠山吃山”的農民誤把“虛山假山”當作“金山銀山”。

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