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山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳辦公室關于印發(fā)《山西省2021年化肥減量增效工作指導意見》的通知

2021-03-30 10:51:30 來源:山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量:17863 評論

導讀:為貫徹落實中央1號文件、中央農(nóng)村工作會議和省委農(nóng)村工作會議精神,持續(xù)推進化肥減量增效,山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳制定了《山西省2021年化肥減量增效工作指導意見》,現(xiàn)印發(fā)給你們,請結(jié)合當?shù)貙嶋H,創(chuàng)新機制,強化落實,確保目標任務完成。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 通知公告】 晉農(nóng)辦土肥發(fā)〔2021〕56號
 
  各市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局:
 
  為貫徹落實中央1號文件、中央農(nóng)村工作會議和省委農(nóng)村工作會議精神,持續(xù)推進化肥減量增效,山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳制定了《山西省2021年化肥減量增效工作指導意見》,現(xiàn)印發(fā)給你們,請結(jié)合當?shù)貙嶋H,創(chuàng)新機制,強化落實,確保目標任務完成。
 
  附件:山西省2021年化肥減量增效工作指導意見
 
  山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳辦公室
 
  2021年3月22日
 
  附件
 
 
山西省2021年化肥減量增效工作指導意見
 
  
  為持續(xù)推進化肥減量增效工作,確?;蕼p量增效工作任務落到實處、取得實效,特制定工作指導意見。
 
  一、總體要求
 
  以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導,牢固樹立新發(fā)展理念,以實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略為引領,緊緊圍繞我省有機旱作農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,按照“增產(chǎn)施肥、經(jīng)濟施肥、減量施肥”的理念,創(chuàng)新工作機制,優(yōu)化施肥方式,調(diào)整施肥結(jié)構(gòu),減少不合理化肥投入,提高化肥利用率,全省化肥使用量負增長。
 
  二、基本原則
 
  堅持化肥減量與增效并重。將化肥減量施用和化肥利用率提升有機結(jié)合起來,不能單純追求化肥使用量的減少,要在減少不合理化肥投入的同時,采取有效措施,提高化肥利用率。
 
  堅持生產(chǎn)與生態(tài)統(tǒng)籌。將糧食等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)安全有機結(jié)合起來,增加有機肥用量,減少化肥用量,統(tǒng)籌推進增產(chǎn)增效和綠色發(fā)展,既要糧食安全,也要“綠水青山”。
 
  堅持重點突破與整體推進相結(jié)合。既要突出抓好用肥量較大的作物和區(qū)域的化肥減量增效工作,重點突破,示范帶動,也要整體布局,充分發(fā)揮協(xié)同效應,全面推進化肥減量增效工作。
 
  三、重點工作
 
  重點做好以配方施肥替代農(nóng)民習慣施肥、有機肥替代化肥、新型肥料替代傳統(tǒng)肥料、機械施肥替代人工施肥、大力培育科學施肥示范主體和大力培育科學施肥社會化服務組織為主要內(nèi)容的“四替代兩培育”工作。
 
  (一)持續(xù)推進配方施肥替代農(nóng)民習慣施肥。強化農(nóng)戶調(diào)查、取土化驗、田間試驗、數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)利用等測土配方施肥基礎性工作。分區(qū)域、分作物制定配方施肥技術(shù)方案,做好配方發(fā)布,全面開展施肥方案“進村上墻”工作。強化農(nóng)企合作,全面開展配方肥推廣應用。加強對農(nóng)民的施肥技術(shù)指導,推動測土配方施肥技術(shù)進村入戶到田。切實做好化肥減量增效示范區(qū)建設,分區(qū)域、分作物提煉一批化肥減量增效技術(shù)模式進行推廣。
 
  (二)深入推進有機肥替代化肥。大力推進秸稈還田、綠肥種植和畜禽糞便肥料化利用,因地制宜增施有機肥料。擴大有機肥替代化肥試點范圍,實施作物由果菜向大田作物拓展。扶持壯大一批生產(chǎn)性服務組織,開展有機肥收集、處理、積造、運輸、施用等全過程、托管式、專業(yè)化服務。創(chuàng)新機制,加快建立以養(yǎng)殖場(戶)投入為主、政府予以支持、種植戶適當分擔、社會資本積極參與的成本分擔、利益共享、市場化運行機制。加強指導服務,探索通過政府購買服務等方式,為小農(nóng)戶施用有機肥提供公益性生產(chǎn)和技術(shù)服務。
 
  (三)全力推進新型肥料替代傳統(tǒng)肥料。加大生物肥、配方
 
  肥、緩釋肥、水溶肥等新型肥料推廣應用力度。要充分利用我省氮肥資源優(yōu)勢,大力推廣具有緩釋特性的尿素和硫酸銨肥料。引導摻混肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)合理摻配具有緩釋特性的尿素,提高氮肥利用率,減少氮肥用量。大力推廣小麥生物配肥種肥同溝和玉米生物配肥種肥同穴技術(shù)。引導農(nóng)民施用根瘤菌等生物菌劑,促進豆科作物固氮。加強農(nóng)科教企合作,大力開展新型肥料研發(fā)與試驗示范工作。
 
  (四)加快推進機械施肥替代人工施肥。要強化農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝融合,針對撒施、淺施、表施、大水大肥等不科學的施肥方式,推廣肥料深施、種肥同播、分層施肥等機械施肥技術(shù)和水肥一體化施肥技術(shù)。在玉米、小麥等糧食作物的底肥施用上重點推廣種肥同播技術(shù)、在追肥施用上重點推廣化肥機械深施技術(shù)和葉面施肥技術(shù);在果樹、蔬菜等經(jīng)濟作物上重點推廣化肥、有機肥機械深施技術(shù)和水肥一體化技術(shù)。加快技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,研發(fā)、引進一批適合我省丘陵山區(qū)使用的小型施肥機具。加強指導服務,指導農(nóng)民選擇適宜的施肥機具,培訓農(nóng)民掌握科學的機械施肥方法。
 
  (五)大力培育科學施肥示范主體和大力培育科學施肥社會化服務組織。要強化示范帶動,充分發(fā)揮種植專業(yè)合作社、家庭農(nóng)場、種植大戶的示范引領作用,針對性開展全程技術(shù)指導服務,因地制宜示范展示化肥減量增效技術(shù)模式,培育化肥減量增效示范主體,通過看的見、摸得著的事例帶動化肥減量增效工作的開展。要以肥料生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營企業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)托管服務組織為重點,培育一批科學施肥社會化服務組織,為廣大農(nóng)戶開展“測土、配方、配肥、供肥、施肥”一體化服務,為化肥減量增效工作提供強力支撐。
 
  四、保障措施
 
  (一)強化組織領導。各市、縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門要高度重視化肥減量增效工作,要加強組織領導,強化工作措施,推進工作落實。要做好統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào),建立上下聯(lián)動、多方協(xié)作、合力推進的工作機制。要壓緊壓實工作責任,確保完成各項目標任務。
 
  (二)加大政策支持。各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門要加強和財政、發(fā)改等部門的協(xié)調(diào)溝通,探索建立化肥減量施用、增施有機肥、推廣應用減肥增效新技術(shù)的補貼機制。要努力擴大化肥減量增效、有機肥替代化肥等示范項目規(guī)模。要充分利用農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展支持政策措施,確?;蕼p量增效各項措施落到實處。
 
  (三)加強宣傳引導。要挖掘總結(jié)化肥減量增效的好經(jīng)驗、好做法、好典型,充分利用各種宣傳媒體,采用農(nóng)民喜聞樂見的方式,廣泛宣傳化肥減量增效的理念、技術(shù)模式和典型經(jīng)驗,引導全社會關心關注化肥減量增效工作,形成廣泛共識,營造良好的工作氛圍。
 
  (四)加強培訓指導。各地要針對性編印培訓教材,加大減肥增效技術(shù)的培訓力度,要用農(nóng)民的語言培訓指導農(nóng)民,讓廣大農(nóng)民聽得懂、學的會。要深入田間地頭開展技術(shù)指導服務,通過現(xiàn)場示范、現(xiàn)場觀摩等看的見、摸得著的方式,推動科學施肥技術(shù)落地落實。
 
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