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陜西省多種種植模式提升大豆生產(chǎn)能力,全年推廣大豆玉米帶狀復合種植80萬畝

2022-02-18 14:43:20 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:31487 評論

導讀:大豆玉米帶狀復合種植技術(shù)是對傳統(tǒng)間作套種的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,是統(tǒng)籌資源、穩(wěn)糧增豆的有效途徑。2022年,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部決定在西北、黃淮海、西南及長江中下游地區(qū)大面積推廣大豆玉米帶狀復合種植,安排陜西省推廣面積80萬畝。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 大豆是植物蛋白、食用油脂和蛋白飼料的重要來源,在我國居民飲食消費和畜禽養(yǎng)殖中占有重要地位。自大豆振興計劃推行以來,我國大豆種植面積和產(chǎn)量有所提升,但產(chǎn)需缺口仍然較大。
 
  大豆玉米帶狀復合種植技術(shù)是對傳統(tǒng)間作套種的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,是統(tǒng)籌資源、穩(wěn)糧增豆的有效途徑。2022年,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部決定在西北、黃淮海、西南及長江中下游地區(qū)大面積推廣大豆玉米帶狀復合種植,安排陜西省推廣面積80萬畝。
 

 

  近日,陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳辦公室印發(fā)了《2022年大豆玉米帶狀復合種植實施方案》(以下簡稱《方案》),要求有關(guān)市要切實提高政治站位,在先期調(diào)度的基礎(chǔ)上,按照相對集中連片、新型經(jīng)營主體優(yōu)先的要求,迅速細化分解任務(wù),落實實施縣區(qū)、實施主體和實施地塊。同時按照緊湊、耐密、耐蔭等品種特性要求,摸清玉米、大豆種子供需底數(shù),對接制種、供種企業(yè),落實種子供應(yīng)。組建市、縣專家技術(shù)指導團隊,圍繞栽培技術(shù)、農(nóng)機作業(yè)、品種選用、病蟲草害防控、科學施肥等關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),深入開展技術(shù)培訓,確保實施主體盡快掌握、合理運用關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和配套技術(shù)。
 
  《方案》指出,要堅持穩(wěn)糧增豆、規(guī)模生產(chǎn)、多措并舉的基本原則,以當?shù)赜衩變糇鞣N植面積和單產(chǎn)水平為標準,因地制宜選擇探索適宜本地區(qū)的帶狀復合種植模式,確保實現(xiàn)玉米基本不減產(chǎn)、增收一季豆的發(fā)展目標;充分尊重農(nóng)民群眾和新型經(jīng)營主體意愿,優(yōu)先選擇涉農(nóng)企業(yè)、合作社、種植大戶等新型經(jīng)營主體實施連片種植,集中人財物力,保證面積落實、技術(shù)到位、效果明顯;積極探索和研究果園套種、馬鈴薯間作等適應(yīng)地方種植制度特色的糧食不減產(chǎn)增收一季豆生產(chǎn)模式和配套技術(shù),多渠道、多模式提升大豆生產(chǎn)能力。立足全省資源稟賦,突出“兩區(qū)一基地”建設(shè),穩(wěn)步推進大豆玉米帶狀復合種植模式和技術(shù)推廣,全省年推廣大豆玉米帶狀復合種植80萬畝。
 
  《方案》明確了三種主推種植模式:
 
  (一)大豆玉米帶狀復合種植模式。陜南地區(qū)在面積較大,便于機械作業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)玉米純種區(qū),選擇2行玉米間作3行大豆間作模式,玉米行距40cm,玉米與大豆間距60cm,大豆行距30cm,畝播種玉米4500穴/畝、大豆9100粒/畝。陜北、渭北的玉米春播區(qū),選擇2行春玉米間作4行春大豆帶狀復合間作模式,玉米行距為40cm,玉米與大豆間距為60cm,大豆行距30cm,玉米播種量榆林長城沿線風沙灌區(qū)6000穴/畝,其他地區(qū)5400穴/畝;大豆播量均為9100粒/畝。
 
  (二)馬鈴薯大豆寬幅機械化間作輪作模式。在榆林長城沿線風沙灌區(qū)應(yīng)用馬鈴薯大豆寬幅機械化間作輪作模式。馬鈴薯和大豆帶寬原則上以當?shù)伛R鈴薯播種機一個播幅為準,大豆與馬鈴薯的間距60cm。馬鈴薯行距90cm,株距中熟品種20-22cm,晚熟品種26-30cm;大豆行距30cm,株距10cm。
 
  (三)果園套種大豆高效生產(chǎn)模式。在陜北、渭北矮砧蘋果幼園的樹冠外緣空間套種大豆,4月上中旬播種大豆,行距30-40cm,株距12cm。
 
  《方案》要求,各地要牢固樹立“一盤棋”意識,建立分級負責、科技支撐、分工協(xié)作、合力推進的工作機制。省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳種植業(yè)管理處全面負責玉米大豆帶狀復合種植工作,配合廳計財處分解下達補助資金,制定總體方案,對接落實面積,組織開展督導考核;廳科教處組織玉米、大豆專家體系參與技術(shù)指導;省農(nóng)技站負責核心示范區(qū)建設(shè),開展技術(shù)培訓指導和工作調(diào)度;省種子站負責制定品種布局意見,調(diào)度種子,組織適宜品種引進與篩選;廳農(nóng)機化處組織省農(nóng)機化中心、省農(nóng)機鑒定站研究篩選適宜機型,指導企業(yè)開展農(nóng)機改型、保障機械供應(yīng)、開展作業(yè)培訓;省植保站負責研究制定病蟲草害防治技術(shù)方案,指導開展病蟲草害防治;省耕地環(huán)保站負責研究制定施肥技術(shù)方案,指導開展科學施肥。市縣參照省級建立工作機制,落實工作責任。要加強管理,規(guī)范資金使用,建立補助清冊和資金使用臺賬。加強項目實施情況調(diào)度和監(jiān)督檢查,及時解決問題,確保項目質(zhì)量。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳。
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