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特色農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機化技術(shù)推廣，我們在行動

2022-06-06 10:20:16 來源：定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心 閱讀量：14982 評論

導讀：5月19-24日，定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心在中心良種場辣椒試驗基地開展了辣椒直播和辣椒穴盤苗移栽機的選型、作業(yè)對比和技術(shù)驗證工作。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】5月19-24日，定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心在中心良種場辣椒試驗基地開展了辣椒直播和辣椒穴盤苗移栽機的選型、作業(yè)對比和技術(shù)驗證工作，力爭補齊全縣特色辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)機化技術(shù)短板，逐步探索形成富有地方特色的辣椒機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)模式，從而進一步推動全縣辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)機化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)推廣工作，構(gòu)建辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展、多元化增收格局。
 
　　一是定襄縣辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 。辣椒含有豐富的營養(yǎng)元素，有利于人體健康，受到廣大民眾的青睞，同時從辣椒中提取的辣紅素是一種具有廣泛工業(yè)用途的天然色素，是國家鼓勵發(fā)展的高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，具有較好的市場前景和較高的經(jīng)濟效益。近年來，辣椒已成為定襄縣的重要特色作物，年平均種植面積保持在12萬畝左右。當前，縣委縣政府非常重視這一特色產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，大力發(fā)展辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)的規(guī)?；N植、精細化加工、一體化倉儲物流，努力打造全國重要辣椒集散地和交易中心，努力通過發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)、特色農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)從而推進農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，推廣標準化種植和農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝的有機結(jié)合，促進科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力，提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全水平，增強農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場競爭能力，提高經(jīng)濟效益，增加農(nóng)民收入。
 
　　二是定襄縣辣椒生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平。由于辣椒種植工藝復雜、環(huán)節(jié)多、費工費時，技術(shù)含量和要求標準高等原因，目前機械化水平相對較低，辣椒生產(chǎn)耕、整、耙、鋪膜、播、田間管理環(huán)節(jié)已經(jīng)是機械化作業(yè)，使用的機具已形成系列化、通用化，但辣椒苗移栽和收獲機械化技術(shù)還未突破，因此綜合機械化水平較低，所以辣椒移栽機和收獲機械的選型、改進和推廣是關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。從2016年開始，由于辣椒苗床重茬造成流行性病害泛濫，辣椒產(chǎn)量急轉(zhuǎn)直下，給農(nóng)民朋友造成了很大的經(jīng)濟損失，辣椒苗床重茬和全程機械化生產(chǎn)成為了該產(chǎn)業(yè)進一步發(fā)展的兩大制約瓶頸。
 
　　三是基于此定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心在省農(nóng)機發(fā)展中心農(nóng)機推廣二部的指導下，定襄縣金沃源植保技術(shù)合作社積極配合引進三種機型，開展了兩種種植模式三種作業(yè)機型的作業(yè)對比試驗和技術(shù)驗證工作。

　　種植模式一：研制1臺起壟覆膜鋪滴灌帶播種一體機，開展了辣椒丸粒直播試驗。機械采用五臺城園豐農(nóng)機制造有限公司生產(chǎn)的“城園豐”牌某型號鋪膜施肥精量復式播種機，播種時可以一次完成起壟、開溝、滴灌、鋪膜、深施化肥、播種、鎮(zhèn)壓等多道程序，該機結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，操作維護方便，不傷籽種，可實現(xiàn)2-3粒/穴精播作業(yè)，節(jié)種省工，工作效率十分高。
 
　　種植模式二：辣椒穴盤苗移栽模式，移栽機械引進兩種機型，開展了移栽對比試驗。
  
　　1、東風井關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)機械有限公司生產(chǎn)的某型號自走式蔬菜移栽機。該機為汽油發(fā)動機，采用液壓式傳感裝置，靈敏度高，每分鐘可插苗60株，省工省時省力。首先進行機械化起壟鋪膜鋪滴灌作業(yè)，然后辣椒移栽機膜上打孔移栽。經(jīng)測量，秧苗種植深度、株距均符合農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要求，效果滿意。
 
　　2、寶雞市鼎鐸農(nóng)業(yè)機械有限公司生產(chǎn)的某型號自走乘坐式雙行移植機采用油電混合動力，機電一體化設(shè)計計算機數(shù)字控制，定植精度高定植距離誤差不超過2公分，通過數(shù)字按鍵調(diào)整株距、速度和栽植深度。株距10-60公分、行距30-50公分、深度0-10公分之間無級可調(diào)。智能化自動檢測種植地面高度，直接栽植辣椒苗到設(shè)定的種植深度。操作簡單，應(yīng)用性廣，效率高，每小時可移裁6000株。平地、壟上、膜上栽植，采用側(cè)開式投苗盒，投苗方便可靠，缽苗、裸苗均可移植，適用性強。
 
　　所選的三款機型結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，技術(shù)先進，操作方便，行距、株距、深淺可調(diào)，復式作業(yè)提高了勞動效率，減輕了勞動強度，可有效解決人難找、用工費用高的問題。此次作業(yè)試驗對比、技術(shù)驗證工作為辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)全程機械化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用發(fā)展將起到積極的推動作用。

上一篇： 自治區(qū)土肥站調(diào)研組到賀州桂林開展大豆玉米復合種植與富硒農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展調(diào)研

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