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農(nóng)機化司通報小麥聯(lián)合收割機質(zhì)量調(diào)查情況 用戶對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量總體認可

2023-03-17 11:01:42 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司 閱讀量：19860 評論

導讀：調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，用戶對小麥收割機總體滿意度評價得分為83.31分，屬于“滿意”檔次。

　　農(nóng)機管〔2023〕15號
 
　　關(guān)于通報用于收割小麥的谷物聯(lián)合收割機
 
　　質(zhì)量調(diào)查情況的函
 
　　各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市及計劃單列市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村(農(nóng)牧)廳(局、委)，新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局，北大荒農(nóng)墾集團有限公司，廣東省農(nóng)墾總局，各有關(guān)農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè)：
 
　　依據(jù)《中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化促進法》和《農(nóng)業(yè)機械質(zhì)量調(diào)查辦法》(農(nóng)業(yè)部令第69號)，2022年，我司組織對部分在用收割小麥的谷物聯(lián)合收割機(以下簡稱“小麥收割機”)進行了質(zhì)量調(diào)查，現(xiàn)將調(diào)查情況通報如下。
 
　　一、基本情況
 
　　本次調(diào)查范圍為河北、山西、江蘇、安徽、山東、湖北、四川、甘肅、新疆等9個小麥主產(chǎn)地區(qū)。調(diào)查產(chǎn)品從2019年或2020年銷售、享受農(nóng)機購置補貼且使用滿一個作業(yè)季節(jié)的小麥收割機中選取。共調(diào)查了9家企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的17個型號1000個產(chǎn)品，每個型號產(chǎn)品調(diào)查數(shù)量由當年銷售市場占比確定。調(diào)查采取用戶滿意度評價的方法進行，由用戶對其使用的小麥收割機安全性、可靠性、適用性以及售后服務狀況(以下簡稱“三性一狀況”)4項內(nèi)容分別進行滿意度評價。調(diào)查人員通過現(xiàn)場詢問、查驗、取證后，按評價方法計算得出相應型號產(chǎn)品“三性一狀況”的單項滿意度和綜合滿意度評價分值。滿意度評價分5檔：[90，100]為“很滿意”，[75，90)為“滿意”，[60，75)為“一般”，[40，60)為“不滿意”，[0，40)為“很不滿意”。
 
　　二、調(diào)查結(jié)果
 
　　調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，用戶對小麥收割機總體滿意度評價得分為83.31分，屬于“滿意”檔次。對“三性一狀況”中單項滿意度平均得分分別為：安全性85.56分、適用性84.44分、可靠性82.87分、售后服務狀況78.73分，均屬于“滿意”檔次，表明用戶對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量總體認可，但售后服務狀況還有較大提升空間。
 
　　小麥收割機質(zhì)量調(diào)查用戶評分情況詳見表1、表2。
 

 

　　三、發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題
 
　　從調(diào)查情況看，小麥收割機質(zhì)量狀況整體能夠滿足我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的實際需要，但也存在一些需要重視的問題。
 
　　(一)安全性問題。主要表現(xiàn)為部分產(chǎn)品危險部位安全標志缺失；安全防護部件拆卸情況比較突出，有55.9%的被調(diào)查機具存在傳動(運動)件或發(fā)熱部件防護罩被擅自拆卸的現(xiàn)象；加裝、改造產(chǎn)品部件現(xiàn)象較為普遍，有53%的被調(diào)查機具存在此種現(xiàn)象。
 
　　(二)可靠性問題。被調(diào)查機具使用過程中，故障發(fā)生頻次高低依次為：1.脫粒系統(tǒng)故障。籽粒升運器和雜余升運器斷損、脫粒滾筒損壞、籽粒輸送螺旋(糧箱內(nèi))斷損、魚鱗篩片脫落、卸糧螺旋軸損壞等。2.發(fā)動機系統(tǒng)故障。發(fā)動機拉缸、油底殼破裂、發(fā)動機過熱、發(fā)動機三漏等。3.行走底盤系統(tǒng)故障。橡膠履帶斷裂、變速主傳動箱齒輪損壞、導向輪軸承損壞、支重輪漏油等。嚴重故障、致命故障主要發(fā)生在上述3個系統(tǒng)。
 
　　(三)適用性問題。21.5%的機手對小麥收割機作業(yè)的倒伏作物收獲、作業(yè)收獲損失、作物收獲含雜等情況表示“一般”或“不滿意”。
 
　　(四)售后服務問題。售后服務為此次調(diào)查評分項中得分最低，反映出部分企業(yè)售后服務投入資源不足，零部件提供渠道不暢，維修能力不足等問題，造成處理用戶的維修訴求不及時、維修質(zhì)量不高、售后服務體驗較差。
 
　　四、原因分析
 
　　針對存在的問題，經(jīng)調(diào)查分析，主要原因為：
 
　　(一)安全性方面。一是安全標志本身材質(zhì)或背膠質(zhì)量較差、固定方式不可靠或粘貼在易磨損部位等造成標志脫落、不夠清晰。二是防護裝置拆卸安裝復雜，維修保養(yǎng)機具不便。
 
　　(二)可靠性方面。一是部分企業(yè)對產(chǎn)品的外購外協(xié)零部件質(zhì)量把關(guān)不嚴。二是部分企業(yè)對機手的培訓不夠重視，造成機手駕駛操作與維護調(diào)校技能不足。
 
　　(三)適用性方面。 部分企業(yè)設(shè)計和驗證能力方面存在欠缺，面對惡劣條件或復雜作業(yè)情況，機具性能還不能完全適應。
 
　　(四)售后服務方面。一是重視程度不夠。生產(chǎn)企業(yè)只關(guān)注產(chǎn)品銷售，忽視了售后服務環(huán)節(jié)。二是維修能力供不足需。售后服務受人才、資金、規(guī)模等因素的影響，造成維修慢、維修難等問題，影響用戶體驗。
 
　　針對此次質(zhì)量調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題，我司將向所涉及的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)發(fā)送一對一整改通知。生產(chǎn)企業(yè)要按照整改通知的要求，針對問題逐條提出整改舉措并抓緊落實到位，涉及產(chǎn)品研發(fā)設(shè)計等需要在將來整體解決的，要提出改進思路舉措并在今后的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計制造中予以落實。整改期3個月，整改結(jié)果及研發(fā)改進舉措需經(jīng)企業(yè)所在省(區(qū))農(nóng)機化主管部門確認。
 
　　各有關(guān)省(區(qū))農(nóng)機化主管部門要結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)機械推廣鑒定證書、標志使用情況及產(chǎn)品一致性等監(jiān)督管理要求，組織督導轄區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)按時做好整改工作，并將整改結(jié)果報送我司。
 
　　企業(yè)收到整改通知后拒不整改或逾期達不到整改要求的，農(nóng)機鑒定機構(gòu)要按照有關(guān)規(guī)定注銷該產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)業(yè)機械推廣鑒定證書。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司
 
　　2023年3月13日
 

上一篇： 云南省關(guān)于農(nóng)機企業(yè)農(nóng)機購置補貼違規(guī)行為處理通報

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