今日要聞

水稻苗床病害防治技術(shù)

2024-05-02 09:33:43 來(lái)源：黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量：11114 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：近期氣候條件利于水稻苗床病害發(fā)生，各地要高度重視，密切關(guān)注天氣情況，加強(qiáng)水稻苗床管理。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 黑龍江省水稻苗床病害以立枯病、青枯病和綿腐病為主。近期氣候條件利于水稻苗床病害發(fā)生，各地要高度重視，密切關(guān)注天氣情況，加強(qiáng)水稻苗床管理，及時(shí)指導(dǎo)稻農(nóng)積極采取預(yù)防措施，開展早期防治，有效控制水稻苗床病害，培育壯苗。
 
　　一、水稻立枯病
 
　　水稻立枯病屬土傳病害，主要由鐮孢屬(Fusariumspp.)、立枯絲核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)等弱寄生真菌侵染引起，多發(fā)生于立針期或三葉期前后，受到病菌侵害后的秧苗心葉枯黃，葉片不展。根據(jù)發(fā)病時(shí)期不同，可以分為3種類型：①芽腐：主要在稻苗出土前或者剛出土?xí)r發(fā)病，種子(芽根)產(chǎn)生霉?fàn)罨蛐鯛钗?，病芽扭曲、腐爛死亡；②針腐：多發(fā)生在立針期至2葉期，病苗心葉枯黃，基部和根部黃褐色，莖基部柔軟易折斷，葉鞘具褐色斑塊，拔出發(fā)病的秧苗時(shí)莖基部易斷裂，秧苗在苗床上不規(guī)則簇生；③黃枯：多發(fā)生在2.5葉期前后，發(fā)病初期葉片萎蔫變黃，成穴狀擴(kuò)散至整個(gè)幼苗，出現(xiàn)矮化和卷曲等癥狀，最后枯萎死亡。
 
　　二、水稻青枯病
 
　　水稻青枯病是一種生理性病害，主要因環(huán)境條件惡劣和管理措施不當(dāng)而使秧苗水分蒸騰和吸水失調(diào)，最終導(dǎo)致全株枯死。一般該病始于稻苗生長(zhǎng)的2～2.5葉期，于3葉期時(shí)嚴(yán)重發(fā)病。發(fā)病初期植株并無(wú)明顯變化，葉片呈暗綠色，中午會(huì)呈現(xiàn)卷筒狀，但早晚仍可恢復(fù)，若防治不及時(shí)則會(huì)使植株萎蔫死亡。該病發(fā)展迅速，1～2天內(nèi)就會(huì)大面積發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致秧苗成片枯死。由于沒(méi)有病菌侵入，枯死植株的莖基部呈現(xiàn)腐爛狀，根毛稀少。根系的顏色變暗，甚至一簇一簇地死苗，最后導(dǎo)致整片植株枯死，拔出秧苗時(shí)可連根拔起而不折斷。
 
　　三、水稻綿腐病
 
　　水稻綿腐病致病菌為卵菌，以綿霉屬(Achlyaspp.)為主，多見于秧田。初在幼芽、幼根基部穎殼裂縫處出現(xiàn)乳白色膠狀物，隨后向四周長(zhǎng)出白色放射狀絮狀物。受害稻種內(nèi)部腐爛，不能成苗，或成苗不久就枯死。
 
　　防治建議：
 
　　1.加強(qiáng)苗床管理。一是做好通風(fēng)煉苗。及時(shí)通風(fēng)，科學(xué)調(diào)控溫濕度，防止秧苗徒長(zhǎng)，提高抗病性。秧苗1.5～2.5葉期棚內(nèi)溫度控制在25～28℃，2.5～3.5葉期控制在22～25℃，3.5葉期后控制在20℃，棚內(nèi)溫度超過(guò)上限應(yīng)及時(shí)通風(fēng)。夜間棚內(nèi)溫度要控制在7℃以上，遇到低溫時(shí)，要增加覆蓋物，及時(shí)保溫。應(yīng)背風(fēng)式通風(fēng)和逐步由小到大通風(fēng)，避免穿堂風(fēng)。通風(fēng)宜在清晨5:30左右開始，不宜過(guò)晚，晴天、陰天合理把握通風(fēng)時(shí)間。二是加強(qiáng)水分管理。秧苗2葉期前不旱不干不澆水，控制苗床濕度，但當(dāng)早晚葉尖無(wú)露珠，午間個(gè)別新葉片打卷、床土表面發(fā)白應(yīng)及時(shí)補(bǔ)水；秧苗2葉期以后床土易干旱，應(yīng)及時(shí)澆水，一次性澆足澆透。如遇長(zhǎng)時(shí)間低溫、陰雨、光照不足天氣，盡量不澆大水，避免高濕低溫降低抗逆性。提倡早澆晚不澆，且防病、調(diào)酸、施肥等作業(yè)一次進(jìn)行，以減少澆水次數(shù)。
 
　　2.科學(xué)做好藥劑防治。水稻秧苗1葉1心至2葉1心期或立枯病發(fā)病初期施藥是防病的重要關(guān)口，可選用噁霉靈、甲霜·噁霉靈或精甲·噁霉靈、枯草芽孢桿菌等藥劑噴霧防治。為使藥劑到達(dá)根部發(fā)揮藥效，噴藥后建議洗苗。若秧苗3葉期左右發(fā)生青枯病，發(fā)病較輕或稻苗出現(xiàn)輕微打卷時(shí)，不要在氣溫高時(shí)突然進(jìn)行大通風(fēng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)在出太陽(yáng)前進(jìn)行小通風(fēng)，采用蓋無(wú)紡布遮光等方法控制床內(nèi)溫度，避免驟升驟降，讓稻苗逐漸適應(yīng)環(huán)境，再逐漸擴(kuò)大通風(fēng)量。青枯病發(fā)生較重的可灌水后蓋無(wú)紡布緩解，臨近插秧的應(yīng)及早異地寄秧緩解。發(fā)生綿腐病的苗床，可在發(fā)病初期使用精甲霜靈、氰霜唑、硫酸銅或堿式硫酸銅苗床噴霧。

上一篇： 實(shí)施化肥減量化行動(dòng)，助力農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

下一篇：山西省有機(jī)旱作農(nóng)業(yè)暨玉米單產(chǎn)提升工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)培訓(xùn)班在太原舉辦

我要評(píng)論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個(gè)字符)

所有評(píng)論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場(chǎng)無(wú)關(guān)。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3221888","Picture":"mt0008/4d6cc5486a7d4729dbe7dbbd1501c335ce2ed5ac79e7b6144a4513143046ffdec1e84feaf8ff468e.png","PictureDomain":"img44","Name":"國(guó)產(chǎn)真空衰減泄漏測(cè)試儀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)","Type":"LT-Z130","Descrip":"真空衰減泄漏測(cè)試儀 提供檢測(cè)方案。采用7寸威綸通單彩液晶觸摸顯示屏，中文菜單顯示。wen合器的公稱容量、泄漏試驗(yàn)所用的壓力并在測(cè)試過(guò)程中顯示所測(cè)壓力，對(duì)測(cè)試所需時(shí)間，并可由機(jī)載打印機(jī)打印出測(cè)試結(jié)果。","CompanyName":"上海理濤自動(dòng)化科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141734","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"2","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558373","StandUrl":"/st141734","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 15:33:17","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103221888","UserID":"154735","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1997071","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"吳先生","TelPhone":"021-67691219","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"紡織耐磨類儀器，阻燃類檢測(cè)儀器，色牢度檢測(cè)儀器，皮革檢測(cè)儀器 老化試驗(yàn)箱，物理性檢測(cè)儀器","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"45","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/12/22 15:33:17","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營(yíng)銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18221522247"},{"ID":"3129711","Picture":"mt0001/fd9c5b6de14e75b1551ac85b93b1c04ce1c9c4cc8439a21ef6d49d7194bbc1dde304d92d9b9f3fd9.jpg","PictureDomain":"img77","Name":"智能光化學(xué)反應(yīng)儀報(bào)價(jià)","Type":"YM-GHX-V","Descrip":"YM-GHX系列光化學(xué)反應(yīng)儀主要用于研究氣相或液相介質(zhì)、固定或流動(dòng)體系、紫外光或模擬可見光照、以及反應(yīng)容器是否負(fù)載TiO2光催化劑等條件下的光化學(xué)反應(yīng)。具有提供分析反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物和自由基的樣品，測(cè)定反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)常數(shù)，測(cè)定量子產(chǎn)率等功能，廣泛應(yīng)用化學(xué)合成、環(huán)境保護(hù)以及生命科學(xué)等研究領(lǐng)域。","CompanyName":"上海豫明儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"140313","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"118","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558372","StandUrl":"/st140313","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 15:32:00","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103129711","UserID":"153303","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1936075","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"郭先生","TelPhone":"86-021-34208150","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"光化學(xué)反應(yīng)儀、超聲波細(xì)胞粉碎機(jī)、低溫恒溫槽、冷凍干燥機(jī)、雪花制冰機(jī)、水浴恒溫?fù)u床、低溫冷卻液循環(huán)泵、無(wú)菌均質(zhì)器、光解水制氫系統(tǒng)、超聲波清洗機(jī)、紫外分析儀、培養(yǎng)箱干燥箱系列產(chǎn)品等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"6673","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/8/31 15:07:17","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營(yíng)銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13918491912"},{"ID":"2727110","Picture":"5eceadd4559dcfd2aa2f2a1668aa0a472ed345b8567ca609676ddfe9e2bf46855eaddd204db8dba6.jpg","PictureDomain":"img64","Name":"島津接頭TDX-01色譜柱價(jià)格","Type":"","Descrip":"TDX-01色譜柱/TDX填充柱是一類非極性的固體吸附劑，主要用于稀有氣體、空氣、二氧化碳、C1-C3烷類分析。","CompanyName":"上海惠分科學(xué)分析儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"129283","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"138","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558370","StandUrl":"/st129283","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 15:30:09","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102727110","UserID":"142272","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1684619","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"胡紅梅","TelPhone":"13651667376","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣相色譜儀，自動(dòng)進(jìn)樣器，氣體發(fā)生器，純水機(jī)等，","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"29112","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2015/10/17 5:36:59","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營(yíng)銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13651667376"},{"ID":"3101798","Picture":"mt0001/5eceadd4559dcfd2e16baac0d24c2078fca86c605888df02c5eba17a3c699ea00a1cf9a130b799d6.jpg","PictureDomain":"img59","Name":"風(fēng)速儀價(jià)格","Type":"","Descrip":"供應(yīng)TSI9535風(fēng)量流速表9535技術(shù)參數(shù):檢測(cè)參數(shù)/型號(hào)95359535-A95459545-A風(fēng)速范圍030m/s精度1635cm","CompanyName":"北京楚齊儀表有限責(zé)任公司","CompanyID":"139534","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"0","City":"","Address":"","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"95","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558366","StandUrl":"/st139534","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 15:26:05","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103101798","UserID":"152524","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1909521","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"陶濤","TelPhone":"010-57107806","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣體檢測(cè)儀 甲醛檢測(cè)儀 可燃?xì)怏w檢測(cè)儀 復(fù)合型氣體檢測(cè)器 冷媒檢漏儀 ATP檢測(cè)拭子 菌落總數(shù)測(cè)試片 便攜式水分測(cè)量?jī)x ATP快速熒光檢測(cè)儀 在線氣體檢測(cè)儀 電子天平","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"8500","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/7/30 8:14:27","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營(yíng)銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13366465104"},{"ID":"3160381","Picture":"mt0001/6e41f53139e533fd971d078c6086505d42a5db7359e6aab2e07e2071b8a73f32513a4366a80fd47c.jpg","PictureDomain":"img60","Name":"塑料老化測(cè)試?yán)匣囼?yàn)箱供應(yīng)商","Type":"","Descrip":"橡膠線纜老化試驗(yàn)箱 用于測(cè)試橡膠及其制品的熱老化性能稱為熱老化箱，用于測(cè)試橡膠及其制品的耐臭氧老化性能稱為臭氧老化箱。該款產(chǎn)品我們介紹熱老化試驗(yàn)箱，溫度控制采用數(shù)字顯示，數(shù)字控制式PID自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)儀表，從室溫至200℃范圍內(nèi)可任意設(shè)定工作溫度，自動(dòng)恒溫，本箱其結(jié)構(gòu)及所配用儀表、材料是在對(duì)箱內(nèi)氣流和溫度作了詳細(xì)研究后設(shè)計(jì)的具有控溫靈敏，溫度均勻，性能穩(wěn)定。","CompanyName":"江都軒宇試驗(yàn)機(jī)械廠","CompanyID":"140714","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"95","City":"揚(yáng)州市","Address":"揚(yáng)州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"67","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558365","StandUrl":"/st140714","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 15:25:04","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103160381","UserID":"153704","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1951983","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"銷售部","TelPhone":"0514-86277924","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"萬(wàn)能拉力試驗(yàn)機(jī)，壓力試驗(yàn)機(jī)，簡(jiǎn)支梁/懸臂梁沖擊試驗(yàn)機(jī)，紙箱抗壓試驗(yàn)機(jī)，硫化儀，門尼粘度儀，熔融指數(shù)儀，雙頭磨片機(jī)，低溫沖擊試驗(yàn)機(jī)，雙頭切片機(jī)，可塑度，橡膠密度儀，缺口制樣機(jī)，啞鈴制樣機(jī)，落錘沖擊試驗(yàn)機(jī)，沖片機(jī)，裁刀，燈箱等試驗(yàn)儀器設(shè)備。","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"4288","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/10/13 1:10:35","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營(yíng)銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15371292889 18014987989"},{"ID":"3012691","Picture":"mt0001/463345e347026bedee0eac239dcd0c91f0d3a40cd39c5a3b8374766b453dd51fe17f7337c3499801.png","PictureDomain":"img63","Name":"RA-915M汞分析儀價(jià)格","Type":"LUMEX","Descrip":"RA-915M便攜式塞曼效應(yīng)汞分析儀用高頻塞曼背景校正技術(shù)(ZAAS-HFM)，基于原子蒸氣對(duì)253.7nm共振發(fā)射線吸收的原理，進(jìn)行汞分析檢測(cè)?？膳鋫洳煌K，實(shí)現(xiàn)固液、氣多種樣品檢測(cè)，適用于分析/監(jiān)測(cè)大氣、水、土壤、煙道氣、應(yīng)急泄露事故、有害廢物、生物材料、職業(yè)環(huán)境檢測(cè)等。","CompanyName":"三夫合眾（北京）科技發(fā)展有限公司","CompanyID":"136553","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"106","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558365","StandUrl":"/st136553","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 15:25:04","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103012691","UserID":"149543","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1862180","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"楊經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"13260081332","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣體檢測(cè)儀,水質(zhì)檢測(cè),電工儀表,實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備,天平,生命科學(xué)儀器","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"9777","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/5/8 16:36:45","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營(yíng)銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13260081332"}]