【實(shí)用技術(shù)】玉米秸稈顆粒飼料加工關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

2025-01-27 11:34:43 來源：鄂爾多斯市農(nóng)牧業(yè)生態(tài)與資源保護(hù)中心 閱讀量：18173 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 一
 
　　專業(yè)術(shù)語
 
　　玉米秸稈顆粒飼料：玉米秸稈為原料，通過揉絲、粉碎、調(diào)質(zhì)等工藝，利用顆粒機(jī)壓制而成的顆粒狀飼料。
 
　　二
 
　　加工的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)
 
　　（一）制粒前準(zhǔn)備
 
　　在制粒前，首先需要對(duì)玉米秸稈進(jìn)行干燥處理，利用機(jī)械烘干或自然干燥的方式，將其水分含量控制在20%以內(nèi)；然后對(duì)玉米秸稈進(jìn)行粉碎，粉碎長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)小于10mm、細(xì)度小于2mm；最后將粉碎后的秸稈收集在原料庫。
 
　　（二）制粒
 
　　制粒是玉米秸稈飼料化利用的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。首先將收集好的原料送入顆粒機(jī)的貯料倉(cāng)中，按需求將非蛋白氮和粘合劑等與原料混合均勻，混合后的物料水分和溫度需控制在一定范圍內(nèi)，以利于制粒。入機(jī)的蒸汽壓調(diào)節(jié)至0.2MPa～0.4MPa，蒸汽溫度調(diào)節(jié)至115℃～125℃。通過調(diào)試合理選用壓縮比，平模壓模板壓縮比一般為6:1，環(huán)模顆粒機(jī)環(huán)模壓縮比一般為8:1。對(duì)于不同種類的動(dòng)物顆粒料，選擇的環(huán)模孔徑有所不同，如：羊用顆粒料選擇環(huán)模孔徑4mm～6mm，牛用顆粒料選擇環(huán)?？讖?mm～8mm，顆粒長(zhǎng)度為直徑的2～5倍。出料溫度也需控制在76℃～92℃。
 
　　制粒過程中，調(diào)質(zhì)器和擠壓的穩(wěn)定性對(duì)制粒效果有著重要的影響。應(yīng)選用合適的調(diào)質(zhì)器，以保證喂料的穩(wěn)定性；同時(shí)，要保證模輥擠壓的穩(wěn)定性，通過控制調(diào)質(zhì)器喂料的穩(wěn)定性和擠壓區(qū)內(nèi)物料的分布均勻性，采用大直徑壓輥進(jìn)行擠壓。
 
　　（三）冷卻、回篩及打包
 
　　將成型的顆粒輸送到冷卻器，冷卻時(shí)間一般需10min~15min，使顆粒達(dá)到常溫。冷卻后，顆粒通過振動(dòng)篩進(jìn)行分級(jí)篩選，厚度控制在1cm～5cm，篩下的粉料，再次進(jìn)入制粒機(jī)中重新制粒。最后，將冷卻的顆粒飼料進(jìn)行打包。宜采用袋裝保存，避免露天存放，同時(shí)需要注意防潮、防霉變、防鼠害。

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