小麥控旺抗旱防凍保安全越冬技術指導意見

2025-01-31 09:44:33 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：12138 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 “大寒”已至，冬小麥全面進入越冬期。近期，全國氣溫持續(xù)偏高，部分地區(qū)小麥旺長趨勢進一步加劇。氣象部門統(tǒng)計，2024年11—12月，全國平均氣溫較常年偏高0.9℃，主產(chǎn)區(qū)小麥越冬期普遍推遲5—7天。氣象部門預測，未來一段時間，全國大部分地區(qū)氣溫偏高仍將持續(xù)，局部地區(qū)日最高氣溫將比常年同期偏高10℃以上，加之主產(chǎn)區(qū)近期無有效降水降雪，部分麥區(qū)土壤墑情不足、旱情已有所抬頭，旱寒疊加風險持續(xù)加大。針對當前氣象條件和生產(chǎn)實際，各地要緊盯農(nóng)時、緊扣環(huán)節(jié)、緊抓措施，圍繞控旺促弱、抗旱防凍、防控病蟲，立足冬季早抓早管、促進苗情轉(zhuǎn)化，全力搭好豐收苗架。
 
　　控制旺長培育壯苗
 
　　部分播期偏早、播量偏大的旺長麥田，如遇冬季氣溫持續(xù)偏高，可能造成生育進程提前，加大凍害風險。一要機械鎮(zhèn)壓。堅持“壓干不壓濕、壓軟不壓硬、壓輕不壓重”原則，趁當前土壤尚未封凍的有利時機，因苗因地因墑開展機械鎮(zhèn)壓。對旺長趨勢明顯的麥田，及時組織機械重壓，控地上分蘗、促地下長根、保穩(wěn)健生長；對土壤過濕地塊，不宜進行鎮(zhèn)壓；對晚播弱苗注意輕壓，避免出現(xiàn)機械損傷。二要及時化控。對群體偏大、有旺長趨勢麥田，可在日均溫8℃以上時葉面噴施生長調(diào)節(jié)劑，抑制地上部分生長，噴施要均勻適量，避免重復噴施。對群體偏大、葉片過長但個體瘦弱的“假旺苗”，或有缺肥癥狀的麥田，不宜化控，可噴施磷酸二氫鉀等生長調(diào)節(jié)劑，促根健苗、增強抗性。三要適時劃鋤。對苗齡過大、群體過旺的麥田，可采用中耕劃鋤，在小麥行間深鋤5—7厘米，切斷部分根系，控制養(yǎng)分吸收和地上部分生長，減少分蘗，培育壯苗。
 
　　肥水調(diào)控促弱穩(wěn)壯
 
　　根據(jù)土壤墑情和小麥苗情抓好肥水管理，培育壯苗、促弱轉(zhuǎn)壯、控旺保穩(wěn)，確保小麥安全越冬。對土壤墑情較差、有旱象苗頭的麥田，要及時澆水適量施肥，促進健壯生長。對墑情適宜、長勢正常的壯苗，當前可不進行肥水管理。對施肥不足、群體偏小、長勢較差的弱苗，要趁雨或趁墑追施速效氮肥，促進苗情轉(zhuǎn)化。對秸稈還田量大、土壤懸空不實的麥田，要適時澆水、踏實土壤，促進根系下扎，提高植株抗逆能力。對稻茬小麥，要重點做好內(nèi)外“三溝”配套，及時清溝理墑，確保溝系暢通，預防漬害發(fā)生，也有利于必要時溝灌洇水。
 
　　適時冬灌抗旱防凍
 
　　因時因地因苗抓好冬灌，既可改善土壤墑情、促進生根分蘗，又可緩沖降溫影響、降低冬季凍害風險。要搶抓合適時期，避免因冬灌過早提前蒸發(fā)無法增墑防凍，或因冬灌過晚土壤凍結(jié)水分無法下滲，造成麥苗受凍或窒息死亡。對土壤相對含水量低于70%的麥田，應在日均溫3℃左右夜凍晝消時澆越冬水；對冬前土壤墑情較好的旺苗麥田，可適當推遲冬灌或不冬灌。冬灌應采用“小白龍”、微灌、噴灌等灌溉措施，灌后及時劃鋤松土，一般畝澆水量不超過40立方米，切忌大水漫灌。對單根獨苗的晚播弱苗可不進行冬灌，避免降低地溫，影響苗情轉(zhuǎn)化，但若出苗不足，可適量灌水促足苗。
 
　　壓低基數(shù)防治病蟲草害
 
　　加強系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測，適時開展藥劑防控和綠色防控，盡量壓低病蟲草害越冬基數(shù)。對于小麥病害，西北菌源區(qū)和西南冬繁區(qū)是條銹病防治重點地區(qū)，要堅持“帶藥偵查、發(fā)現(xiàn)一點、控制一片”，減少發(fā)病中心、控制發(fā)生蔓延；紋枯病病菌在溫濕度適宜環(huán)境下傳播速度快，務必及時防治，控制病菌蔓延。對于小麥蟲害，要密切監(jiān)測地下害蟲、麥蜘蛛、蚜蟲等發(fā)生動態(tài)，一旦達到防治標準，及時開展綜合防治。對于麥田雜草，要根據(jù)草相和氣溫變化，選擇對路藥劑，在均溫5℃以上、無霜凍降雨的晴好天氣開展化學除草，防止出現(xiàn)凍藥害。
 
　　來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部小麥專家指導組、全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣服務中心

上一篇： 全國農(nóng)技中心啟動2025年農(nóng)技大課堂

下一篇：【實用技術】玉米秸稈顆粒飼料加工關鍵技術

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3159500","Picture":"mt0002/41d711f7cd1868fbc9c017de263285cafac06b242473f36dc511abbb3879e21066271c4d505ccb13.jpg","PictureDomain":"img79","Name":"高穩(wěn)型壓力傳感器芯體公司","Type":"","Descrip":"簡要描述：PT124G-3100高穩(wěn)型壓力傳感器芯體選用特定的超穩(wěn)高精度芯片，經(jīng)過裝配工藝優(yōu)化，穩(wěn)定性和重復性較好，經(jīng)過裝配工藝優(yōu)化，穩(wěn)定性和重復性較好。適合于制作高精度壓力變送器以及需要精密測量的場合。","CompanyName":"上海朝輝壓力儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"140612","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"0","City":"","Address":"","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"71","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51670762","StandUrl":"/st140612","UpdateTime":"2025/3/10 16:42:08","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103159500","UserID":"153602","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1944853","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"胡小姐","TelPhone":"13701917799","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"差壓變送器/電磁流量計/壓力變送器/磁環(huán)板液位計/雷達料位計","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"8859","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/10/11 19:48:20","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15026706579"},{"ID":"2894834","Picture":"mt0001/92b8cee7c1618c6350307340e20cd42f803f7e9a652f8653779458b61bb68b839638df443c8e253a.jpg","PictureDomain":"img76","Name":"酸性鹽霧試驗箱","Type":"CK -JYWX-016","Descrip":"本復合鹽霧腐蝕試驗箱外形設計美觀，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，線條平滑、自然流暢。箱體材料選用優(yōu)質(zhì)PP阻燃塑料板材，外表光潔明亮，耐腐蝕、易清洗、無泄露，耐溫性好，強度高，不變形。各種輔助配件設施同樣為耐腐蝕材料制作。","CompanyName":"上海長肯試驗設備（集團）有限公司","CompanyID":"134199","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"80","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51670762","StandUrl":"/st134199","UpdateTime":"2025/3/10 16:42:26","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102894834","UserID":"147189","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1809429","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"何老師","TelPhone":"021-60197688","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"溫度速變試驗設備、溫度沖擊試驗設備、高低溫低氣壓試驗設備、太陽輻射試驗設備、淋雨試驗設備、沙塵試驗設備、臭氧綜合老化試驗設備以及步入式綜合性能試驗設備和高風速淋雨試驗設備等氣候環(huán)境試驗設備","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"17751","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/1/19 13:48:58","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15651013786"},{"ID":"2938390","Picture":"493f54aea4d404d8ebda748fd4e85e440541d46d357ec155e666cb827579e2735cea1e03135f771e.jpg","PictureDomain":"img76","Name":"供應八軸垂直旋轉(zhuǎn)組臺機床多少錢","Type":"QFKJ-0608S","Descrip":"QFKJ-0608S六工位八軸垂直旋轉(zhuǎn)組臺機床特性：實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品三方向同時加，一次性加工提高產(chǎn)品一致性。保證產(chǎn)品三方向同心度,垂直度，提高產(chǎn)能,減少人工及加工成本。","CompanyName":"臺州群發(fā)智能科技股份有限公司","CompanyID":"129572","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"396","City":"玉環(huán)市","Address":"玉環(huán)市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"62","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51670758","StandUrl":"/st129572","UpdateTime":"2025/3/10 16:38:45","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102938390","UserID":"142561","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1706727","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"詹立群","TelPhone":"0576-87120772","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"水車式系列機床 (多工位組合機床)、全自動場送料機、雙頭數(shù)控機床、斜軌式數(shù)控機床及其他數(shù)控機床","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"29142","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/22 3:19:07","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13967635432,13967636621"},{"ID":"2994728","Picture":"mt0001/1ef287ee8bdc4a02958ac0ac4bb48aaf9bb19333ded4c062b04ffa9ff72a2c9bd03b84c2d59e6b2c.png","PictureDomain":"img64","Name":"玻璃專用 CYCLOPS 測溫儀多少錢","Type":"cyclops 100L","Descrip":"cyclops 100L英國LAND便攜式紅外測溫儀高精度的便攜式測溫儀Cyclops L 可以長時間持續(xù)運作。其a內(nèi)置的數(shù)據(jù)存儲功能讓您在溫度計內(nèi)記錄多達 9,999 個測量點。堅固耐用的儀表保護套可保護 Cyclops L 免受惡劣環(huán)境的影響 易于操作Cyclops L 系列產(chǎn)品易于使用 - 高質(zhì)量、通過鏡頭（TTL）的瞄準機制，讓您只需通過目鏡觀察并能將鏡頭對準所需目標。","CompanyName":"上海吉馨實業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司","CompanyID":"135628","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"115","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51670755","StandUrl":"/st135628","UpdateTime":"2025/3/10 16:35:11","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102994728","UserID":"148618","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1839115","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"陳先生","TelPhone":"021-56165378","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"分析儀器，實驗室儀器，環(huán)境檢測儀器，物理特性分析儀器","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"16736","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/4/21 0:30:47","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13301652631"},{"ID":"2972345","Picture":"mt0001/6bbbd504ea99bc2962933fd25d6969c85bdae6afb51e022e461fea258ddbcf6554f32638c185a323.jpg","PictureDomain":"img67","Name":"Edwards真空泵油霧過濾器","Type":"A46226000/A46229000","Descrip":"愛德華EMF10/EMF20真空泵油霧過濾器?：愛德華真空泵油霧過濾器從泵的出氣口捕獲油霧，否則，這些油霧會被噴射到大氣中。在使用氣囊或抽送高的氣體吞吐量時，可能會發(fā)生這種情況。您也可以讓油霧過濾器中捕集的油回流到泵中，但必須確保制程氣體不會污染泵或泵油。","CompanyName":"東莞比其爾真空機電設備有限公司","CompanyID":"132555","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"229","City":"東莞市","Address":"東莞市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"81","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51670755","StandUrl":"/st132555","UpdateTime":"2025/3/10 16:35:06","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102972345","UserID":"145544","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1785088","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"饒小姐","TelPhone":"0769-8321-6362","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"無油活塞泵,單級旋片真空泵,萊寶真空泵油,愛德華真空泵油,東莞真空泵維修,真空系統(tǒng)設計安裝","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"19465","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/4/6 14:44:47","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18024411156"},{"ID":"3171829","Picture":"mt0001/edbdb22ff9de4a32153005426442ec38216ec9dd3e6428c5626f0bc597de62ce243a7b56f2fdd6a0.png","PictureDomain":"img70","Name":"江蘇高低溫試驗箱哪家好","Type":"JW-1005","Descrip":"高低溫試驗箱根據(jù)試驗方法與行業(yè)標準可分為交變試驗、恒溫試驗，兩種試驗方法都是在的基礎上進行升級拓展，交變試驗箱是指可以一次性將需要做的高溫、低溫以及所需做的溫度的時間設定在儀表參數(shù)內(nèi)，試驗箱會按照設定走程序，就是在做一個固定的溫度，使試驗效果更接近自然氣候，模擬出更惡劣的自然氣候，從而使被測樣品的可靠性更高。","CompanyName":"浙江巨為儀器股份有限公司","CompanyID":"141141","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"100","City":"寧波市","Address":"寧波市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"139","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51670754","StandUrl":"/st141141","UpdateTime":"2025/3/10 16:34:39","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103171829","UserID":"154131","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1965569","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"王先生","TelPhone":"86-021-51079850","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"鹽霧試驗箱，高低溫試驗箱，恒溫恒濕試驗箱，拉力試驗機，影像測量儀，插拔力試驗機，萬能材料試驗機等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"7246","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/10/27 5:47:30","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18217777117"}]