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水稻全程機(jī)械化“瓶頸多”但市場(chǎng)大

2018-01-30 09:36:56 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：46584 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：不管是國(guó)內(nèi)還是海外，水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械都存在著大量的市場(chǎng)缺口。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】約在公元前27世紀(jì)的神農(nóng)時(shí)代，“稻”被列為五谷之一。距今約4200余年前，水稻栽培已從長(zhǎng)江中下游推進(jìn)到黃河中游。到了戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，由于鐵制農(nóng)具和犁的應(yīng)用，開始走向精耕細(xì)作。經(jīng)過幾百年的發(fā)展，如今我國(guó)水稻機(jī)械化雖小有成就，但機(jī)械化瓶頸依然存在。
 
　　我國(guó)水稻機(jī)械化“瓶頸”
 
　　?地形復(fù)雜成機(jī)插“瓶頸”之一。在我國(guó)多地，水稻生產(chǎn)在耕作及收獲環(huán)節(jié)已基本實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化，但由于機(jī)械插秧技術(shù)起步晚，并且水稻種植地形復(fù)雜、種植規(guī)模小而分散等多種原因，使得部分地區(qū)農(nóng)戶多數(shù)還是選擇水稻拋秧和人工移栽的方式，因此水稻機(jī)插技術(shù)成為了制約水稻生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化率提高的瓶頸。
  
　　?機(jī)械技術(shù)門檻高，農(nóng)民存在一時(shí)“抵觸”心理。水稻育插秧技術(shù)涉及到機(jī)械技術(shù)和水稻種植技術(shù)，因此在推廣水稻育插秧技術(shù)的進(jìn)程中必須做到兩個(gè)結(jié)合，即農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝相結(jié)合。但農(nóng)民在沒有熟練掌握育秧技術(shù)的前提下，機(jī)插技術(shù)操作起來就有一定的難度，甚至還有可能會(huì)影響一年來水稻的產(chǎn)量和收成，這使得廣大鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)民對(duì)育插秧技術(shù)的推廣和使用存在畏懼心理，難于接受機(jī)插技術(shù)的推廣。
 
　　?國(guó)產(chǎn)機(jī)械產(chǎn)量低，歐美、日韓等“洋”牌水稻機(jī)械充斥著我國(guó)龐大的市場(chǎng)。2017年，我國(guó)水稻種植面積約為3000萬平方米，占全國(guó)糧食種植面積的34%。2017年我國(guó)水稻收割機(jī)市場(chǎng)保有量約為30萬臺(tái)，其中國(guó)產(chǎn)水稻聯(lián)合收割機(jī)產(chǎn)銷量為9000臺(tái)。由此可見，我國(guó)的水稻聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足。
 
　　水稻機(jī)械化市場(chǎng)廣闊
 
　　不足越多，上升空間就越大。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)，因此雖然我國(guó)水稻種植機(jī)械化瓶頸依然存在，但不可否定的是水稻機(jī)械化擁有廣闊的市場(chǎng)需求。
 
　　?國(guó)家數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2015年我國(guó)水稻種植面積約為45萬畝，已成為我國(guó)種植面積大、總產(chǎn)量高的糧食作物。在國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)部全力推進(jìn)主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化，充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策的支持引導(dǎo)下，加快突破薄弱環(huán)節(jié)生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化。2017年我國(guó)水稻機(jī)插(播)率達(dá)到46.5%，且要求到2020年全國(guó)水稻耕種收綜合機(jī)械化水平達(dá)78%以上。時(shí)間緊任務(wù)重，我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械市場(chǎng)仍有大量未開發(fā)資源。
 
　　?隨著國(guó)家“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的日漸繁榮，多數(shù)企業(yè)也已為“走出去”做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。2018年1月，雷沃重工海外業(yè)務(wù)再傳捷報(bào)，雷沃AF88縱軸流水稻聯(lián)合收割機(jī)再獲印尼政府150臺(tái)采購訂單，實(shí)現(xiàn)新年開門紅。2017年，雷沃重工在東南亞市場(chǎng)各項(xiàng)核心業(yè)務(wù)呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)提升的良好態(tài)勢(shì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)拖拉機(jī)出口同比增長(zhǎng)15%，水稻機(jī)出口同比增長(zhǎng)33%，“一帶一路”已成為雷沃重工海外業(yè)務(wù)新的突破口。“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略有力地促進(jìn)了區(qū)域及農(nóng)業(yè)資源共享，為農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)提供新契機(jī)。
 
　　綜上，不管是國(guó)內(nèi)還是海外，水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械都存在著大量的市場(chǎng)缺口。面對(duì)市場(chǎng)利好因素，我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)應(yīng)加大對(duì)插秧機(jī)械的自主創(chuàng)新打破“洋機(jī)械”壟斷局面，提高民族品牌的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

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